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Quantum confinement is the spatial confinement of electron-hole pairs (excitons) in one or more dimensions within a material, and also electronic energy levels are discrete. It is due to the confinement of the electronic wave function to the physical dimensions of the particles. In this effect can be divided into three ways, 1D confinement (free carrier in a plane), quantum wells; 2D confinement (carriers are free to move down), quantum wire; and 3D confinement (carriers are confined in all directions), which are discussed in detail. In addition the formation mechanism of exciton and quantum confinement behavior of strong, moderate, and weak confinement have been discussed below.

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