The spectrum of uses of high-fidelity simulation in emergency medicine has increased in the past 10 years and ranges from teaching isolated skills to improving complex team behaviours in critical situations. This review will describe these published uses and explore the evidence supporting the use of high-fidelity simulation, as well as the future directions and difficulties of using this technology in our specialty.

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Fast cameras already installed on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) have be equipped with near-infrared (NIR) filters in order to measure the surface temperature in the lower divertor region. Such a system provides a unique combination of high speed (> 50 kHz) and wide field-of-view (> 50% of the divertor). Benchtop calibrations demonstrated the system's ability to measure thermal emission down to 330 o C. There is also, however, significant plasma light background in NSTX. Without improvements in background reduction, the current system is incapable of measuring signals below the background equivalent temperature (600-700 o C). Thermal signatures have been detected in cases of extreme divertor heating. It is observed that the divertor can reach temperatures around 800 o C when high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) heating is used. These temperature profiles were fit using a simple heat diffusion code, providing a measurement of the heat flux to the divertor. Comparisons to other infrared thermography systems on NSTX are made.