No abstract

Formation of mine water inflow compositions is discussed, and the methods of mine water treatment are described. Mine water has different chemistry depending on hydrological, geological and geotechnical factors, as well as on depth of mining. Formation of mine water on higher horizons takes place under the influence of oxidation processes, while reduction processes are typical of lower levels. With an increasing depth, hydrocarbonate water changes into carbonate-sulfate and sulfate-hydrocarbonate water. The main pollutants of mine water are identified, the methods of mine water treatment are reviewed, the criteria of application of mine water treatment methods are specified, and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods are described. In terms of the Kirov Mine, the structure of mine water treatment facilities is considered. It is found that equipment included in the process flow chart ensure good removal of various size suspended solids from water and partially remove iron ions (when its oxidation goes to an insoluble form). However, some heavy metals remain in mine water. This fact is proved by the background concentrations observed in the places of mine water discharge in the Inya river. In the Inya water river, some contaminants exceed MAC, namely, total iron, manganese, copper, ion nitrite, etc. The authors describe the treatment methods and equipment used in coal mines in Kuzbass. There is a wide range of mine water treatment methods, but the technologies in application mainly reduce to mechanical purification which enables efficient removal of suspended solids, oil products, bacterial pollution and, partly, iron. In compliance with the requirements to mine water treatment quality, mines should modernize treatment facilities and introduce new advanced technologies, i.e. provide an integrated solution of the mine water treatment problem, and should anticipate usability of treated mine water and dregs.

Introduction. Territories adjacent to mining regions always experience a negative impact from the mining enterprise. The scale of such an impact on the environment is estimated by taking into account factors such as geographical location, climatic conditions, the amount of minerals extracted, as well as the ratio of mineral reserves to the area of the mining region. For geo-ecological assessment of the scale of impacts of the territory near the mining region on the environment, it is necessary to introduce a regional coefficient that takes into account the quantitative distribution of mining enterprises on the area of the mining region, as well as the ratio of reserves to area. In this regard, the question arises about the creation of a geo-ecological assessment methodology based on this indicator. Objective. Development of a criterion for a comprehensive geo-ecological assessment of mining regions impact, based on the regional indicator on the example of coal mining enterprises. Methodology. When carrying out the research, the analysis of literary domestic and foreign sources was used; generally accepted methods, including methods of geo-ecological assessment, assessment of natural potential, analysis of anthropogenic load, protection of the territory of the location of the coal mining enterprise. Results and discussion. A functional scheme of the stages of the geoecological assessment of the territory of a coal mining enterprise has been developed to calculate the geoecological assessment indicator with regard to the natural potential of the territory, the total anthropogenic load and the protection of the territory. It is proposed to use a regional indicator to classify the mining region as the territories most susceptible to geoecological environmental changes due to the ratio of the amount of coal production and reserves to the area of the mining region and taking this coefficient into account when allocating state subsidies to improve the environmental situation of the mining region. Conclusions. The main criterion of the geoecological assessment of the mining region– the regional indicator of the attribution of the mining region to the territories with the greatest susceptibility to geoecological changes has been established. The criterion is estimated by the ratio of the volume of production and coal reserves to the area of the mining region. This coefficient is crucial when allocating state subsidies to improve the environmental situation of the mining region. The introduction of a regional indicator creates optimal conditions for forecasting geoecological hazards and the appointment of environmental and nature restoration measures.

No abstract