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The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at optimizing the decortication process of industrial hemp stems. In order to achieve this goal, physical and mechanical properties of industrial hemp straw stems were investigated, with the choice of the main quality indicator - diameter, which directly influences the bast output. Also, with the help of mathematical planning of the experiment, the optimal treatment mode for the stems of industrial hemp with clearing of wood of 5-6% was calculated.