The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental arch relationship of non-syndromic Malay unilateral cleft lip and palate children and assess the various congenital and postnatal treatment factors that affect dental arch relationship. Study models of 107 UCLP children were included in this study that was treated in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a period of 10 years (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012). The mean age was 7.69± 2.46 (mean± SD). The dental arch relationship was assessed by mHB scoring system which comprises five categories; namedexcellent; good; fair; poor and very poor. All the subjects were divided into two groups; favorable (category ratings excellent, good and fair) and unfavorable (category ratings poor and very poor) groups. The mean mHB score was -10.7. Total 60 subjects (68% of all subjects) were categorized into unfavourable group (category ratings poor and very poor) using mHB scoring system. Intra-and inter-examiner agreements were very good. Cheiloplasty seemed to be correlated with favourable dental arch relationship using crude regression analysis but no significant associations were found. This multivariate study shows no significant association between various congenital and postnatal treatment factors and dental arch relationship.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental arch relationship of non-syndromic Malay unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) children and also assess the various congenital and postnatal treatment factors that affect dental arch relationship. Study models of 107 UCLP children were included in this study that was treated in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a period of 12 years (2000-2012). The mean age was 7.69± 2.46 (mean± SD). The dental arch relationship was assessed by GOSLON Yardstick which comprises five categories; named-1: excellent; 2: good; 3: fair; 4: poor; 5: very poor. All the subjects were divided into two groups; favorable (category ratings 1-3) and unfavorable (category ratings 4 and 5) groups. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the intra-and inter-examiner agreements and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the responsible factors that affect dental arch relationship. The mean GOSLON score was 3.15±0.9. Total 72 subjects (68% of all subjects) were categorized into favourable group (category rating 1, 2 and 3) using GOSLON Yardstick. Intra-and inter-examiner agreements were good to very good. Palatoplasty and cheiloplasty seemed to be correlated with favourable dental arch relationship using crude regression analysis but no significant associations were found. This multivariate study shows no significant association between various congenital and postnatal treatment factors and dental arch relationship.

The purpose of this study is creation of biomaterials from titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ). This TiO 2 has known for photocatalysis and osteogenesis. For the purpose of applying this function to orthodontic brackets and coating materials for implant, the relationship between surface of sintered and cell proliferation were examined. In addition, crystal structure and the surface property of sintering TiO 2 were investigated. TiO 2 were sintered at 1300°C for use as samples. We examined surface roughness, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to make observations of the surface properties and texture. Moreover, mouse osteoblast-like cell line, MC3T3-E1 was cultured on sintered TiO 2 in order to evaluate the cell proliferation and ALP. For the samples sintered at 1300°C, the crystalline phase of rutile-type TiO 2 was confirmed.5000-fold magnified SEM images of the surface of the unsintered samples, needle-like TiO 2 crystals were pressure welded and showed mutual overlap, with pores occurring among the crystals. Sintering at 1300°C produced numerous small pores. Rutile TiO 2 as a starting material was sintered at 1300°C and subjected to a cell culture experiment in which MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on the sample, followed by viable cell counting and cell morphology observation on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of culture. In the test of cell proliferation, sintered at 1300°C samples was found to remarkable cell proliferation even after time had passed. ALP activity of cells on 1300°C TiO 2 sample, the values were 110% and 126% on days 14 and 28 of culture, respectively. These changes were calculated using polystyrene dish as the reference condition. Thus, TiO 2 sintered at 1300°C showed good compatibility and increase in the ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 cells.

The aim of this study was to analyze sagittal and vertical occlusal cephalometric analyses of Pancherz among Malaysian Malay and Malaysian Chinese. Further comparisons of each area of interest are needed to know the differences between them. It was a cross sectional study and total 640 lateral cephalogram (Malay=407, Chinese=233) were randomly selected among orthodontic patients. All sagittal and vertical occlusal cephalometric parameters of Pancherz were measured digitally using Planmeca software. Descriptive statistics, gender and racial dimorphism were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22.0. Data were analyzed using independent t-test. Statistically significant disparities were found in the Malaysian Malay population between males and females for 3 of 10 in the vertical occlusal analysis but there were no significant disparities found in sagittal occlusal analysis. In the Malaysian Chinese population, significant disparities found between males and females for 1 of 11 in sagittal occlusal analysis and 6 of 10 vertical occlusal analysis. Statistically significant disparities were also found between Malaysian Malay and Malaysian Chinese population for 10 of 11 parameters in sagittal occlusal analysis and 5 of 10 parameters in vertical occlusal analysis. In conclusion, there were significant disparities between Malaysian Malay and Malaysian Chinese in general and also between genders of each race seen using cephalometric analyses of Pancherz.

Clinical periodontal status is among the major determinants of the volumetric features of GCF. Previous studies have shown that probing depth, presence/severity of gingival and periodontal inflammation affect the biodynamics of GCF. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the clinical periodontal status on volumetric features of gingival crevicular fluid. Thirty-six patients were equally divided into healthy group, gingivitis group and periodontitis group. Clinical periodontal status was assessed by recording: papillary bleeding index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained from 4 sites in each patient. The mean volume of GCF was determined in each group for comparison. Further in periodontitis group, GCF samples were also collected from healthy sites, gingivitis sites and periodontitis sites. Mean GCF volume recorded by using Periotron® 8000 in healthy gingival group, gingivitis group and periodontitis group were: 0.04, 0.09, 0.78 µl respectively. There was increase in GCF volume in a diseased related pattern, healthy gingival group < gingivitis group < periodontitis group. In periodontitis group, the sites with healthy gingiva showed significantly higher GCF volume than healthy gingival group (0.11µl Vs 0.04µl), similarly, the sites with gingivitis in periodontitis group also showed significantly higher GCF volume than gingivitis group (0.32µl Vs 0.11µl). The present study suggests that the volumetric analysis of GCF could be sensitive and reliable indicator of periodontal health. The ability of GCF volume as a chair side measure to differentiate healthy sites from sites with mild disease within the same mouth is considered noteworthy.