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Aims While men have higher rates of cardiovascular disease, several studies report women having higher mortality after cardiac surgery, reasons for which are unclear. We compared characteristics and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) by sex. Methods All patients undergoing isolated CABG during July 2010-June 2012 were grouped by sex for retrospective analyses. Results A total of 168 (20.5%) women and 650 (79.4%) men were included, followed-up for 1.4±0.6 years. Women were older (66.4 vs 64.0 years; p=0.007), with higher body mass index (30.1 vs 28.8 kg/m 2 ; p=0.004), increased prevalence of hypertension (78.9% vs 67.8%; p=0.008), current smoking (20.2% vs 13.1%; p=0.027), chronic respiratory disease (22.6% vs 15.4%; p=0.028) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (74 vs 81 ml/min/1.73m 2 ; p=0.007). Women had less grafts performed (3.1 vs 3.3; p=0.014) and less use of radial grafts (14.9% vs 25.2%; p=0.004). Female sex was independently associated with higher 30-day mortality (4.8% vs 0.8%) odds ratio 5.63, 95% confidence interval 1.67-19.0; p=0.005 and medium-term mortality hazards ratio 2.49, 1.06-5.84; p=0.037 (1-year survival 93.9% vs 98.1%); but not surgical morbidity (21.4% vs 16.9%; p=0.661). Conclusion Women had higher 30-day and medium-term mortality after CABG even after adjusting for higher prevalence of risk factors and comorbidities. Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was the single most common cause of death in New Zealand (NZ) at 19.0% in 2009, with 45.3% being women. 1 Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the standard treatment for patients with severe three-vessel or left main stem coronary disease, and multi-vessel disease in diabetic patients. 2-4 Many, 5-15 but not all 16-19 studies have found women to have higher rates of mortality and morbidity after CABG. Most contemporary operative risk scores therefore include sex as an important parameter for predicting mortality after cardiac surgery. 20,21 However, sex is frequently an underappreciated risk factor in the decision making for CABG and is not included in the New Zealand Access or Urgency Scores. Outcomes according to sex have also not been investigated in a NZ cohort. We aimed to compare characteristics and mortality and morbidity outcomes by sex in a contemporary cohort of New Zealanders undergoing CABG. Methods Ethics-Ethics approval of this study was obtained from our hospital's Ethics Committee. Consecutive patients having isolated CABG without concomitant valve surgery from July 2010 to June 2012 at

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