The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Pyridine and Alkylpyridines 2.1. Properties 2.2. Production 2.2.1. Separation from Tar 2.2.2. Synthesis from Aldehydes or Ketones with Ammonia 2.2.3. Synthesis from Acrylonitrile and Ketones 2.2.4. Synthesis from Dinitriles 2.2.5. Dealkylation of Alkylpyridines 2.2.6. Synthesis of 5‐Ethyl‐2‐Methylpyridine from Paraldehyde and Ammonia 2.2.7. Synthesis from Nitriles and Acetylene 2.2.8. Other Synthetic Methods 2.3. Quality Specifications, Storage, and Transportation 2.4. Uses 2.5. Economic Aspects 3. Pyridine Derivatives 3.1. Vinylpyridines 3.2. Bipyridines 3.3. Quaternary Pyridinium Salts 3.4. Pyridine N ‐Oxides 3.5. Piperidines 3.6. Halopyridines 3.7. Pyridinecarbonitriles, Carboxylic Acids, and Carboxamides 3.8. Aminopyridines 3.8.1. 2‐Aminopyridine 3.8.2. Other Aminopyridines 3.9. Pyridinols 3.10. Pyridyl Alcohols 3.11. Pyridinecarbaldehydes 3.12. Pharmaceuticals and Agrochemicals 4. Toxicology 4.1. Acute Toxicity 4.2. Subacute and Chronic Toxicity 4.3. Mutagenicity and Ecotoxicity

The pyrolysis of diphenylcyclopropenone monohydrate (II) at 150°C afforded α-phenyl-trans-cinnamic anhydride (VI). It was proved that the reaction consists of two main steps, the nucleophilic attack of water on I to yield α-phenyl-trans-cinnamic acid (IV), and the reaction of I with IV, thus finally yielding VI. The same type of reaction as that of I with IV was also observed when I was heated in phenol to afford phenyl α-phenyl-trans-cinnamate (XII). The reaction of I with the weak nucleophilic reagent, α-phenyl-trans-cinnamamide (XIV), afforded a monoimino derivative of VI (XVI), which is believed to be produced by the nucleophilic attack of the amide-oxygen of XIV on the carbonyl-carbon of I.

Ausgehend von Norme tazocin (I) werden einige N‐substituierte Benzomorphane (II) synthetisiert.

Die Benzothjazoline (I) reagieren mit Chloracetylchlorid zu den Amiden (II).

Generation of Novel Heterocyclic Sulfur Ylide, Benzothiazolinium S‐Ylide.