The authors reviewed interventions using cultural leverage to narrow racial disparities in health care. Thirty-eight interventions of three types were identified: interventions that modified the health behaviors of individual patients of color, that increased the access of communities of color to the existing health care system, and that modified the health care system to better serve patients of color and their communities. Individual-level interventions typically tapped community members' expertise to shape programs. Access interventions largely involved screening programs, incorporating patient navigators and lay educators. Health care interventions focused on the roles of nurses, counselors, and community health workers to deliver culturally tailored health information. These interventions increased patients' knowledge for self-care, decreased barriers to access, and improved providers' cultural competence. The delivery of processes of care or intermediate health outcomes was significantly improved in 23 interventions. Interventions using cultural leverage show tremendous promise in reducing health disparities, but more research is needed to understand their health effects in combination with other interventions.

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-Kashmir bee virus (KBV) often persists in bees as a covert infection with no apparent symptoms. The virus can switch to become an overt lethal infection, especially in the presence of Varroa mites. Although the virus is distributed worldwide, it was thought to be absent from the UK. A real-time PCR assay was developed for specific detection of KBV. No cross-reaction was observed with other bee viruses. KBV was successfully amplified from different life stages of honey bees and from a wasp and bumble bee. Using the real-time PCR assay, a survey of hives was conducted in England and Wales to investigate the presence and geographical distribution of the virus. KBV was detected within three colonies at two locations. The virus titre in the positive samples was quantified and found to contain similar levels to other bees with covert KBV infection. We conclude that KBV is present in the UK and cannot now be considered an exotic disease. The discovery of KBV in the UK has major significance for import policies.