The breed is a factor that determines the productivity of cattle. In the domestic and foreign literature there are numerous data on the economic characteristics of meat breed cattle but there is little reliable information about the productive features of a particular breed in the conditions of a certain region. In this regard the study of the productivity of beef cattle of different breeds in the conditions of the Kurgan region is an actual problem. The studies were conducted in the farms of Kurgan region in 2013-2014 on the young Aberdeen-Angus and Hereford breeds. It was established that the main reserve of beef production in Kurgan region is the intensive growing and fattening of the young Aberdeen-Angus and Hereford breeds (31.53 and 63.51% respectively, of the total number of livestock). The animals of the Aberdeen-Angus breed showed better productivity and economic efficiency in comparison with the Hereford animals: a body weight of 524.55 and 476.80 kg in 18 months, a slaughter yield of 61.2 and 60.8%, a protein conversion ratio of 16. 31 and 16.15%, the level of profitability of 20.98 and 13.91% respectively. During the entire period of cultivation (0-18 months) the animals of the Aberdeen-Angus breed consumed a smaller amount of EFU (energetic feed unit), exchange energy and digestible protein per 1 kg of body weight growth -6.23 EFU, 62.25 MJ and 540 g. The breed factor influences a significant effect on the average daily weight gain (12.82%), dry matter content in the pulp (42.27%), fat content in the pulp (73.72%), energy value of the pulp (58.95%), conversion rate of the energy exchange (59.14%). To increase the production of beef in Kurgan region it is recommended to breed the animals of the Aberdeen-Angus breed.

Характеристика ЭкстерЬера коров мясноГо наПравления Продуктивности алексеева елена ивановна, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент кафедры «Химия и экспертиза продовольственных товаров» суханова светлана Фаилевна, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор кафедры «Химия и экспертиза продовольственных товаров» лещук татьяна леонидовна, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент кафедры «Частная зоотехния, кормление и разведение животных»

The purpose of the research was to study the amino acid composition of beef obtained from beef cattle of Aberdeen Angus and Hereford breeds. The studies were conducted on steers of 12- and 18-month-old of Aberdeen Angus and Hereford breeds. The amino acid content was determined in an average meat sample by high-performance liquid chromatography. Samples for analysis were taken by quartering. It was found that beef obtained from Aberdeen-Angus and Hereford steers of diff erent ages was a complete product in terms of amino acid composition, which was confi rmed by the value of the protein quality index of 5,55–5,73 and 5,34–5,49, the ratio of methionine : tryptophan – 1,22 and 1,23. At the age of 12 months, the protein value of beef was higher in herdmates of Aberdeen-Angus breed by 3,78 % more than in steers of Hereford breed. The diff erence in the ratio of methionine : tryptophan was 0,81 % in favor of Hereford steers. The same content of aspartic acid in meat was found in young animals of 18 months of age of the studied breeds – 2,03 g/100 g. A comparative analysis of the concentration of essential amino acids in beef showed that Hereford steers had more valine, histidine, lysine, threonine and phenylalanine than herdmates of Aberdeen-Angus breed by 3,30; 4,26; 1,11; 7,14 (p < 0,05) and 4,76 %, respectively. The concentrations of valine, isoleucine, methionine and tryptophan were higher in Aberdeen Angus steers than in Hereford herdmates by 3,30; 2,50; 2,00 and 2,50 %, respectively. When analyzing the results of beef studies on the content of dispensable amino acids in 18-month-old steers, the advantage in concentration of alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, serine, tyrosine, cystine was in Aberdeen-Angus steers, the diff erence with the herdmates of Hereford breed was 6,50 (p < 0,05), 2,25; 8,28 (p < 0,05), 56,72 (p < 0,001), 1,10 and 9,09 % (p < 0,05), respectively. The indicator of the protein value of beef was higher in Aberdeen Angus steers by 5,11 %. The difference in the ratio of methionine: tryptophan again amounted to 0,81 % in favor of Hereford steers.

No abstract

It is possible to achieve an increase in beef production in Russia with the rational use of the available breed resources of beef cattle. The formation of meat productivity of animals depends on the growth and development of young animals, but at the same time it is important to study hematological indicators that give a certain idea of the patterns of changes in the body. The purpose of the research was to study the protein composition of the blood of young cattle of beef breeds. Research was carried out in farms in the Kurgan region on steers and heifers of Aberdeen-Angus and Hereford breeds during weaning (7 months) and at 12 months of age. For analysis blood samples were taken from animals from the jugular vein, which was examined in the laboratory of the Department of Chemistry and Examination of Food Products at the Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T. S. Maltsev. The article presents the results of studies of the protein composition of the blood serum of young animals of Aberdeen Angus and Hereford breeds depending on their age. It was found that the total protein content was less than the reference value in Hereford steers and Aberdeen Angus heifers during weaning period (7 months), and in Hereford heifers at 12 months of age, which indicates a decrease in metabolism in the body. The concentration of albumins in all the studied animals was normal. In heifers of Hereford breed at the age of 7 and 12 months, in steers of the same breed at 12 months a low content of β-globulins was revealed. The number of γ-globulins in animals of all groups was normal, with the exception of Hereford steers (12 months) where the indicator was higher than normal rate.