Une enquête sur la production porcine et les ressources génétiques locales en zone périurbaine de Cotonou et d’Abomey-Calavi au Bénin a été réalisée de juin à août 2006. Les éleveurs étaient des artisans (44 p. 100), des agroéleveurs (20 p. 100) et des petits commerçants (12 p. 100). La plupart des éleveurs achetaient des animaux (76 p. 100) pour la constitution du troupeau. La taille moyenne des troupeaux était de 19 porcs dont 4,18 truies et 1,2 verrat en moyenne. Trois types d’élevage ont été identifiés. Dans le type 1, les propriétaires d’animaux étaient des artisans. Les animaux étaient élevés en divagation le jour et passaient la nuit dans un enclos pendant la saison sèche et étaient en liberté le jour comme la nuit pendant la saison des pluies. Dans le type 2, les animaux étaient élevés en claustration et les propriétaires étaient des commerçants ou exerçaient des métiers autres que ceux de l’agriculture, de l’élevage ou de l’artisanat. Ces propriétaires accordaient peu de soins vétérinaires aux animaux. Enfin, le type 3 d’élevage regroupait les agriculteurs et les éleveurs. Dans ce type d’élevage, les animaux bénéficiaient des soins vétérinaires et des traitements traditionnels à base de plantes médicinales. Ils étaient élevés en enclos le jour comme la nuit pendant la saison des pluies et bénéficiaient également de compléments alimentaires toute l’année. Quel qu’ait été le type d’élevage, les propositions d’amélioration souhaitées par les éleveurs ont été par ordre d’importance : la formulation des aliments, les soins préventifs et curatifs, l’élevage en claustration et le regroupement en coopérative. Les éleveurs souhaitaient prioritairement une aide (assistances technique et financière) (52 p. 100) et une extension de leur exploitation (28 p. 100).
The main problem for the local guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) traditional farming and raising system in north-east Benin is the high mortality rate of the keets (up to 70%) due to a combination of climatic, nutritional, hygienic and infectious causes. The present study was carried out to identify and compare the isolates of Salmonella enterica from necropsied keets, laying guinea fowl, surrogate hen mothers, other contact animal species and farmers during four laying seasons (2007 to 2010). S. enterica belonging to eight different serotypes (Adelaide, Farakan, Kingston, Legon, Luke, Oakland, Sangalkam and Teshie) and one untypable isolate were isolated from 13 to 19% of the necropsied keets. The serotypes Adelaide, Farakan, Luke, Sangalkam and Teshie and the untypable isolate were isolated in only one township during 1 year of sampling, while serotypes Oakland, Legon and Kingston were present in two to three townships for 2 to 3 years of sampling. Serotypes Farakan, Kingston, Legon, Oakland and Sangalkam were also isolated from faecal samples of laying guinea fowl and/or surrogate domestic fowl hen mothers. Further comparison by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and virulotyping provided evidence for their clonality within each of those five serotypes and therefore for the adult guinea fowl and/or hens as the most probable origin of contamination of the keets. The antibiotic resistance profiles, with all isolates resistant to oxacillin, sulfamethoxazol and colistin, emphasize the rise of antibiotic resistance in salmonellas from guinea fowl in this area and the need for alternative therapy policies for these birds.
, Tél : (+229) 97912074. RESUME L'usage des plantes dans le traitement des pathologies constitue une pratique courante chez les éleveurs au Bénin. La présente étude a pour but de répertorier les recettes utilisées par les éleveurs pour traiter la fièvre aphteuse. L'enquête s'est déroulée auprès de 370 éleveurs diversement répartis dans onze départements du Bénin, entre juillet et décembre 2015. Elle révèle que pour traiter la fièvre aphteuse, la quasi-totalité des éleveurs enquêtés associent les recettes à base de plantes médicinales aux soins vétérinaires. Au total, 32 types de recettes utilisant 32 espèces de plantes ont été récapitulés chez les éleveurs. Vitellaria paradoxa est l'espèce de plante la plus citée dans 3 types de recettes. Les espèces de plante telles Citrus limon L., Gossypium arboreum L., Pterocarpus erinaceus, Sorghum bicolor L., Acacia nilotica L., Lannea acida, Khaya senegalensis, Agelanthus dodoneifolius ont été chacune impliquées dans 2 recettes. Les écorces sont impliquées dans 14 types de recettes et la macération constitue la méthode la plus utilisée avec 27% de types de recettes suivis de la poudre avec 24%. Les soins vétérinaires sont basés sur l'utilisation des antibiotiques (Péni-procaïne ® ou l'Oxytétracycline ® ). D'autres études pourront révéler l'efficacité de ces plantes. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés : Pathologie, aphtes, recettes endogènes, phytopharmacologie, bovin. Ethno-veterinary recipes of medicinal plants using for the treatment of foot and mouth disease in Benin ABSTRACTFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of even-toed ungulated and is endemic in most of African countries. A survey using semi-structured questionnaires was undertaken to 370 breeders of the eleven husbandry departments in Benin to identify the recipes used by breeders to treat cases of FMD. A total of 32 types of recipes using 32 medicinal plants were listed by breeders. Vitellaria paradoxa is the most cited with three types of recipes. Thus medicinal plants such as Citrus limon L., Gossypium arboretum E. M.B. HOUNDJE et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 10(5): 2090-2107 2091 L., Pterocarpus erinaceus, Sorghum bicolor L., Acacia nilotica L., Lannea acida, Khaya senegalensis, Agelanthus dodoneifolius were each involved in two types of recipes. Barks are involved in 14 types of recipes and maceration is the method most used with 27% types of recipes followed by the powder with 24%. Animal health care is based on the use of antibiotics such as Peni-procaïne® or Oxytétracycline®. This study is providing indigenous resources using to treat foot and mouth disease in Benin. Others studies could reveal which one are best.
Aim:This study aims to identify the dominant viral animal pathologies and to list the traditional recipes used by the breeders for their treatment.Materials and Methods:The method of data collection was based on a retrospective survey. Thus, 787 breeders and agro-breeders scattered in the eight agro-ecological areas of Benin were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires.Results:In total, 5 pathologies were reported by breeders. Among those pathologies, foot and mouth disease was reported by all of the breeders of the southern part of Borgou compared with the other areas (p<0.05) and treated by 25 species of medicinal plants. African swine fever was the main pathology reported (22.92%) (p<0.05) in the fishery areas which is controlled by 7 medicinal plants. Pseudorinderpest was more reported (33.78%) (p<0.05) in the cotton area of central Benin and treated by 8 medicinal plants. There is also Newcastle disease that was mostly reported in the Western Atacora and treated by 32 medicinal plants as well as fowl pox which was a more reported in the lands of the bar area and the low-pressure area about 34.48% and 36.17% proportions, respectively, and treated by eight medicinal plants.Conclusion:The breeders in Benin possess rich ethno veterinary knowledge on medicinal plants and their uses in the treatment of livestock. A total of 57 medicinal plants have been inventoried to fight against five major viral diseases as African swine fever, pseudorinderpest and foot and mouth disease. The common plants used to treat viral disease in general were Euphorbia unispina, Euphorbia poissonii, Lannea acida, and Mangifera indica. The most harvested organs on the plants reported in this survey were the barks, the leaves, and the whole plants. To better develop our indigenous resources, it would be important to expand this ethno-pharmacological investigation to other diseases category.
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