The pollution by toxic elements and heavy metals in sediments in Tham Luong Canal, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, was investigated by neutron activation and XRF analytical methods. The concentrations of 32 elements (Al, As, and Zr) along Tham Luong Canal were obtained. Among them, concentrations of 20 elements were at natural levels, but the others, such as As, Br, Cr, Fe, Hf, Pb, Sb, Sc, Ti, V, Zn, and Zr, could be considered as ''pollutant elements''. These elements are deposited in sediments to 50 cm depth. The masses of the pollutants are estimated to be about, e.g., 1,500 ton (t) iron, 300 t titanium, 4.5 t chromium, 0.3 t scandium.