The tiny, battery-powered sensor nodes of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) sense and send reports to a processing center called sink or base station. The sensor nodes require more energy while gathering information for longer durations. This study proposes a protocol heterogeneous in energy which analyzes basic distributed clustering routing protocol low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) with BAT optimization algorithm to be used for cluster formation and cluster-head (CH) selection. Pipelining is used for packet scheduling. Simulations show that the energy consumption gets reduced significantly.

Clustering routing protocol provides an effective method for prolonging the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. But most of the researches care less about the communication between Cluster Head (CH) nodes [4] and Base Station (BS). This paper proposed a Multi-hop Cluster based Routing Protocol for long range transmission in wireless sensor network. The protocol consists of two parts, one is with respect to cluster management in sensor area, and the other is about the data transmission between base station and the sensor area. Simulation results show that the protocol offers a better performance than single-hop clustering routing protocols in terms of network lifetime and energy consumption when the base station is located far away from the sensing area.

The sensor nodes used in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) perform close-range sensing in any environment and are compact, battery-powered, light-weight devices. The overall network performance depends on the routing protocols in the network layer and the flow control protocols at the data link layer. This study proposes a novel routing protocol by adapting the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST), Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), and Clustering with One-Time Setup (COTS) to save energy and maximize the network life time and reduce the network delay. The intercluster communication among Cluster Heads (CH) has been proposed based on the Distance Energy-based MST (DE-MST) technique and a novel pipelining technique was introduced for effective channel utilization. Simulations showed an improvement over LEACH, MST-based clustering, and COTS techniques by this method.