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The application of thermal energy to enable recording on extremely high anisotropy magnetic media appears to be a viable means of extending the density of stored information. The central physical issue facing the technology is what gain can be realized in writability along with long-term data stability using imaginable media materials. We reasonably expect the material properties M(T ) and H k (T ) to determine this, since a stability metric for media with characteristic magnetization switching unit volume V is MV H k /2k B T . This matter is controversial owing to still open questions related to thermomagnetic recording with temperature elevation above the Curie point and optimal cooling rates. There are indications that multi-component magnetic media may offer advantages in achieving performance goals. Beyond the physical issues lie engineering matters related to the correct system architecture to yield a practical storage device to meet future customer expectations. Here one must address a detailed means of delivering localized heating to the magnetic medium to perform efficient recording. To date, magnetic recording devices have been highly mechanical systems, so it is natural to inquire how a need for an aggressively heated head-medium interface could impact the evolution of future systems. Eventually elements of thermally assisted recording could be combined with patterned media approaches such as self-organized magnetic arrays to push toward ultimate limits where the thermal instability of bits overtakes engineered media materials. Finally, a practical recording system cannot be realized unless a means of finding, following, and reading the smallest bits with a usable signal-to-noise ratio exists-engineering issues separate from an ability to reliably record those bits.

Heat-or thermally assisted magnetic recording employing perpendicular media is considered. The technological and physical principles treated are also applicable to longitudinal recording. Three issues are treated: Optical heating of a small volume of the medium on the length scale of a recorded bit at areal densities beyond 1 Tb/in 2 , dissipation of waste heat generated on an integrated flying slider, and optimization of the recording process.

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), also known as hybrid recording, has been proposed to enable storage densities greater than 1 Tb/in 2 in hard disc drives while circumventing the superparamagnetic limit. Light is delivered in the near field to the recording medium to heat just the spot which is to be recorded. Techniques based on apertures, antennas, waveguides, and solid immersion lenses have been suggested for delivering substantial amounts of optical power into subwavelength spots in the near field. A practical transducer for HAMR may require a combination of techniques.

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