A low dose of midazolam and ketamine with bupivacaine intrathecally results in prolonged analgesia and less haemodynamic fluctuations. However, the safety of this combination needs to be proved before its use in clinical practice.

A possible synergistic effect between biological control agent Beauveria bassiana (Bb) and potassium silicate (K2Sio) for control of leaf folder on rice was investigated at Agricultural Research Station, Nellore (ANGRAU, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh) under field conditions. Three sequential Silicon application in the form of potassium silicate (KSil) was given as foliar spray @ 80 mg/l, when leaf folder population density reached to ETL, B. bassiana @ 1.3x106 conidia/ml application was carried out. Two sequential applications of potassium silicate (two weeks after transplantation and at active tillering stage) + B. bassiana caused leaf folder population reduction of 42.80 per cent over control at 8 days after spraying. This reduction was significantly higher than the mortalities caused by the two single treatments alone (B. bassiana: 17.55 %; Ksil @ 2sprayes: 8.83). This study providing strong evidence of a synergistic effect of the combination treatment on leaf folder mortality. Similarly, three sequential applications of potassium silicate (two weeks after transplantation, at active tillering stage and PI stage) + B. bassiana caused 41.88 % reduction in leaf older population over control at 8 days after spraying, whereas three sequential applications of potassium silicate and application of B. bassiana alone caused 20.57 and 17.55 % reduction in leaf folder incidence, respectively. Indicates application of potassium silicate and B. bassiana alone did not gave as satisfactory results as used in combinations. In the present study the sequential applications of Potassium silicate + B. bassiana gave more promising control of rice leaf folder compared to the application of B. bassiana alone, proving the synergistic effect of the potassium silicate + B. bassiana combination on leaf folder incidence.

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