The central purpose of the present research is to examine the ability of social value orientation (i.e., prosocial, individualistic, and competitive orientation), as measured with methods rooted in game theory (i.e., decomposed games), to predict real-life prosocial behavior. Consistent with hypotheses, results revealed that individual differences in social value orientation are predictive of various donations. Relative to individualists and competitors, prosocials reported to engage in a greater number of donations, especially donations to organizations aimed at helping the poor and the ill. Results are discussed in terms of theory and methodology regarding the individual differences in social value orientation, as well as in terms of societal implications for enhancing donations to noble causes.

ABSTRACT. One of the new ways used by companies to demonstrate their social responsibility is to encourage employee volunteering, whereby employees engage in socially beneficial activities on company time, while being paid by the company. The reasoning is that it is good for employee motivation (internal effects) and good for the company reputation (external effects). This article reports an empirical investigation of the internal effects of employee volunteering conducted amongst employees of the Dutch ABN-AMRO bank. The study showed that (a) socio-demographic characteristics from employee volunteers markedly differ from those of non-volunteers and community volunteers and (b) employee volunteering seems to have positive effects on attitudes and behavior towards the organization.KEY WORDS: Employee volunteering, corporate social responsibility, effects on attitude and behavior, volunteering and socio-demographic characteristics ABBREVIATIONS: OCB Organizational citizenship behavior.

This study replicates Paul, Zalka, Downes, Perry, and Friday's scale to measure U.S. consumer sensitivity to corporate social performance (CSP) in another sample-namely, that of Dutch consumers. In addition, theories on the effects of sociodemographic variables on environmental concern have been applied to investigate the influence of individual consumer characteristics on the sensitivity to CSP. It was found that the Consumer Sensitivity Scale to CSP is a reliable one, and it also seems applicable to West European countries. For Dutch consumers, CSP serves more as a hygiene factor-it should be at a minimum acceptable level (a bottom line)-than as a motivator to buy a product. Having a left-wing political orientation, a higher level of education, being female, and being older are consumer characteristics that all have a positive influence on sensitivity to CSP. Surprisingly, household income did not influence this.

IntroductionConsultants advise on processes of change within or between organizations, the consultant operating as a direct``change agent'' (Armenakis and Field, 1993;Beckhard and Pritchard, 1992;Buchanan and Boddy, 1992;Conner, 1993). When the consultant arrives on the scene, the people directly concerned are often in a state of confusion: they are aware that something is afoot, but do not know exactly what. The prevailing fear is that their job, career or department's future is on the line. No matter how you define the situation, the consultant's workplace is invariably dominated by uneasiness and stress. It is up to the consultant to use his/her experience and expertise to defuse the tension and steer the organization into calmer waters.Cultural anthropological studies explain how magicians seek to make anxiety and uncertainty controllable through rituals and symbols. In other, mainly non-western cultures, the witch doctor, magician and medicine man are important figures, helping people to fulfil their wishes (rain, good harvest) or to avert adversity (sickness). Magicians are also instrumental in smoothing the various transitions in the life cycle: birth, puberty (sexual maturity), marriage and death. In both cases ritual plays a pivotal role. Here the magicians are the wise men, the experts who structure the rituals to ensure they are properly conducted. This is where a comparison can be drawn with the``western'' profession of consultant: aren't consultants also, in a certain sense, magicians who guide and structure important transitions through the use of rituals and symbols? [1]. This article addresses two questions: is it true that, as agents of change, consultants too make use of rituals and, if so, what symbolic and ritual aspects can be identified in the consultant's work? In addition, we will examine whether consultancy literature devotes attention to symbols and rituals, the tools of the magician.The article is set up as follows. First, rituals as studied in cultural anthropology are discussed. Next we will look for examples of rituals as applied in consultancy practice. We then seek to establish whether this theme has received attention in recent literature. Finally, the article is rounded off with some conclusions.

Philanthropy is growing rapidly in Europe and in most of the countries in the industrialized world. A well-known phenomenon from history, philanthropy has made a come-back in recent years and is finding new form and meaning in an emerging ‘civil society’. But how do we define this new ‘modern’ philanthropy? Does it differ from concepts such as ‘charity’ and the ‘third sector’? Has it already earned a place at the table of EC policymakers? Is this ‘old’ but ‘new’ phenomenon awakening scholarly interest? These questions are discussed in this article. Philanthropy is defined by applying theoretical insights on the concept of philanthropy. Scholarly interest is measured by using the attention paid to philanthropy in leading English-language political science journals between 2000 and 2008 as a yardstick. The results show that though philanthropy is a distinct concept, it receives very little scholarly attention in these journals. The article concludes by arguing that the growth of philanthropy today offers a promising challenge for policymakers in welfare states provided that ‘private actions for the public good’ can be incorporated in the welfare-state paradigm. Points for practitioners Philanthropy is playing an increasingly stronger role in welfare states. However, governments and public administrators searching for new ways to fund welfare services have still to fully recognize the potential of philanthropy. In addition to commercialization and the market, a non-profit sector based more on philanthropic revenue could be an interesting option for delivering services. Public administrators will therefore have to rise to the challenging task of creating a legal, economic and cultural framework that will stimulate and enhance philanthropy.