Purpose The concept of time perspective (TP) implies that a mental focus on past, present, or future affect a person makes decisions and take action. Inability to plan their life for a sufficiently long time perspective due to the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to have a pronounced impact on a human's lifestyle influencing their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, including eating behavior. This study tested two hypotheses: (a) that during COVID-19 isolation, the incidence rate of food addiction is increased, and (b) people with present TP are more likely exhibited signs of food addiction (FA). Methods The final study sample included 949 people, mean age 21.8 ± 7.8 years (range: 17-71 years, women: 78.3%). Each participant indicated their personal data and completed Yale Food Addiction Scale and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Results There was an increased incidence rate of FA (OR = 1.678, 95% CI = 1.324, 2.148, p = 0.000) during COVID-19 isolation. Individuals with balanced, future, and past positive TP were less likely to exhibit symptoms of FA. Persons with past negative, and present hedonistic TP were more likely to exhibit signs of FA. Conclusion There was an increased incidence rate of FA during COVID-19 isolation. Persons with shortened time horizon are more likely to exhibit symptoms of FA. Level of evidence Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ synthesizes a large number of biologically active substances, adipocytokines, which have both local and systemic effects influencing the vascular wall, tissue sensitivity to insulin, glucose metabolism, and systemic inflammation. The data obtained from clinical and experimental studies demonstrate the close relationship between the imbalance of adipocytokines and pregnancy complications such as insulin resistance, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. In this connection, close attention of obstetrician-gynecologists and endocrinologists is focused on etiopathogenic aspects of the formation of gestational complications with metabolic disorders caused by an imbalance of adipocytokines with maternal obesity and to the search for markers of these disorders. The review presents the current literature data on adipose tissue hormones and their influence on the course of a gestational process.

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Purpose: This study tested two hypotheses: a) that during COVID-19 isolation the incidence rate of food addiction is increased, and b) people with present time perspective (TP) are more likely exhibited signs of food addiction (FA).Methods: The final study sample included 949 people, mean age 21.8 ± 7.8 years (range: 17-71 years, women: 78.3%). Each participant indicated their personal data and completed Yale Food Addiction Scale and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory.Results: There was an increased incidence rate of FA (OR = 1.678, 95% CI = 1.324, 2.148, p = .000) during COVID-19 isolation. Individuals with balanced, future, and past positive TP were less likely to exhibit symptoms of FA. Persons with past negative, and present hedonistic TP were more likely to exhibit signs of FA.Conclusion: There was an increased incidence rate of FA during COVID-19 isolation. Persons with shortened time horizon are more likely to exhibit symptoms of FA.Level of Evidence: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Recent studies have shown that different visceral fat depots can make a special contribution in development of endocrine and cardiovascular diseases. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a unique visceral fat depot, closely anatomically and physiologically related to the myocardium. This visceral fat depot has a transcriptome and secret that are very different from fat depots of other localizations. In healthy individuals, the EAT performs a buffer and cardioprotective function, but with the development of pathology, the EAT begins to secrete pro-inflammatory factors, and the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines decreases. This fact is confirmed by numerous studies. A promising area of modern cardiology is the study of the prognostic value of epicardial fat in assessing the risk of cardiovascular disasters and survival of patients with various comorbid conditions. It has been proven, that people even with a normal body mass index have a risk of cardiovascular diseases and complications. People with normal body weight and the presence of visceral obesity have the cardiovascular risk in 2.75 higher, and the risk of death from all causes in 2.08 higher than in people with normal body weight without visceral obesity. Thus, only the use of anthropometric examination methods in practice may be insufficient for the diagnosis of visceral obesity. The most affordable, reproducible, cost-effective method of visualization of epicardial fat in clinic is echocardiography doppler methods. This review is devoted to the possibilities of using ultrasound diagnostics in the assessment of epicardial fat, as well as the possibility of improving the stratification of cardiovascular and metabolic risks based on an additional analysis of the epicardial fat thickness.