This article reviews the carbonation process through biomineralization referred to as Microbial Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICCP) for the conservation of carbonate stone monuments and historic building materials. This biological process widely occurs in nature as microbes produce inorganic materials within their basic metabolic activities. The first patent, which explained this method dates from approximately twenty-five years ago. Since then, different research groups have investigated substitute methodologies and various technical applications to provide a protective calcium carbonate layer on the surface of deteriorated historic buildings and stone monuments as well as to consolidate their inner weakened structure through this biodeposition process. The article reviews selected literature, highlights open queries and promotes discussion of a selection of issues, production mechanisms, application techniques, performance and bonding with stone structure. While many questions regarding this significant method have been focused in published sources, there are considerable possibilities for new research.

One of the most important challenges to libraries and museums in many countries is the problem of forged Arabic and Islamic manuscripts, especially with the increasing global interest in the last three decades of Islamic art, in general, and the Arabic manuscripts, in particular. Forged manuscripts can be completely new manuscripts. They may also include added or deleted partscalled enhanced manuscripts-to achieve a target or to meet the global market demand for such Islamic manuscripts. The present study addresses the authenticity of a Quran manuscript dating back to 1834 AD using Digital Authenticity (2.5D). The image was divided into sections. Each section was analyzed by measuring the sensitivity of light absorption by (peaks). Then, the analyzed waves were divided into low and high frequencies that were compared. If there is a forged part, it appears in the frequencies in a way that highlights its difference from the other the frequencies on all bands. While the first band shows the form of nanometric details, such as the rough surface and the non-stable image, the second highlights the difference in the distribution of ink on the

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