There is not a significant difference between the commercial mesh group and the mosquito net mesh group for pooled [odds ratio 0.93 (0.63, 1.35)] and individual adverse event rates. However, the 95% confidence intervals of these results are still wide. To reduce this uncertainty sample sizes must increase in future studies.

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is a common low-risk intervention. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are being used increasingly as primary outcomes in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to review and meta-analyse the PROs in RCTs comparing laparoscopic versus open inguinal hernia repair techniques in adult patients.Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Only RCTs in peer-reviewed journals were considered. PubMed, Ovid Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library were searched. In addition, four trial registries were searched. The search interval was between 1 January 1998 and 1 May 2018. Identified publications were reviewed independently by two authors. The review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42018099552). Bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias tool.Results: Some 7192 records were identified, from which 58 unique RCTs were selected. Laparoscopic hernia repair was associated with significantly less postoperative pain in three intervals: from 2 weeks to within 6 months after surgery (risk ratio (RR) 0⋅74, 95 per cent c.i. 0⋅62 to 0⋅88), 6 months to 1 year (RR 0⋅74, 0⋅59 to 0⋅93) and 1 year onwards (RR 0⋅62, 0⋅47 to 0⋅82). Paraesthesia (RR 0⋅27, 0⋅18 to 0⋅40) and patient-reported satisfaction (RR 0⋅91, 0⋅85 to 0⋅98) were also significantly better in the laparoscopic repair group. Conclusion:The data and analysis reported in this study reflect the most up-to-date evidence available for the surgeon to counsel patients. It was constrained by heterogeneity of reporting for several outcomes. Summary measures and synthesis of resultsPROs are shown as crude rates and, if appropriate, mean scores. Meta-analysisMeta-analysis was undertaken for each distinct outcome if there were two or more RCTs that examined the same

While accepted practice of pre-operative combined USS and MIBI imaging is essential in unilateral imaged-focused neck exploration for primary disease, these imaging techniques have a more limited use pre-operatively in renal failure parathyroidectomy.

-Paper dryer surface contamination can influence the severity of fiber picking, result in increased adhesion of the paper web to the surface, and impact the severity of cockle (out-of-plane deformation), a paper quality issue. The Web Adhesion and Drying Simulator (WADS) is a unique apparatus designed for investigation of paper sticking and fiber picking. Using the WADS, it has been found that the work of separation and amount of picking depend on roll surface material, contamination and temperature, and on the composition, moisture content and temperature of the web, and contact time. The WADS was also found to be convenient for studying the effect of drying conditions on severity of cockle. Cockle was found to depend on ingoing sheet solids content, surface temperature and degree of heat transfer non-uniformity.