A preparation was obtained from herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-infected cells using a zwitterionic detergent, Empigen BB. The preparation was partially-purified either by ultracentrifugation over a cusion of 20% sucrose or on a sucrose density gradient. Partial characterisation of these materials by ELISA, using both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies showed them to contain at least four major HSV glycoproteins, gB, gC, gD and gE. Comparison of Empigen-extracted HSV-1 antigen preparations with preparations obtained using the non-ionic detergents Nonidet P40 or Triton-X-100 indicate that, using conventional procedures, separation of glycoproteins, B, C, D, and E from unwanted proteins may be facilitated using the former detergent. Immunization of mice with Empigen-extracted, partially-purified or gradient-purified antigen preparations elicited good levels of antibody detectable by ELISA and a high degree of protection against both HSV-1 and HSV-2 challenge infection. Such protection could be achieved using aqueous antigen preparations, but was augmented using aluminium hydroxide gel as an adjuvant. In general, Empigen-extracted HSV-1 antigen preparations elicited higher ELISA antibody levels and more complete protection against HSV challenge infection than NP40 or Triton-X-100-extracted preparations. The value and usefulness of the detergent Empigen for obtaining HSV surface antigen preparations and the role of these as potential vaccines against HSV infections, is discussed.

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SEN virus (SEN V) is one of worldwide incidence of blood borne pathogen. The most dominant genotypes among the nine genotypes of the SEN virus are SENV-D and H. The objective of this research was to determine the frequency of SENV genotypes particularly SENV- D and H genotypes in healthy Iraqi participant’s sera. Totally, 200 serum samples from healthy voluntaries were collected from both gender as well as subjected to nested PCR. SENV-D was detected in 30% healthy individuals and more frequent in tested male 51.25 than in female individuals 48.75%. The frequency of SENV-H was found in 5% of participants. SENV-D is the dominant strain in the Iraqi studied group followed by genotypes H. phylogenetic tree analysis of virus near-complete open-reading frame 1(ORF1), was performed, and the evolutionary relationship indicated that local isolates were very close to the group that included the Asian isolates.

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