The prevalence of malaria parasite and antimalarial preventive measures among students of University of Lagos, Nigeria was carried out between November 2014 and February 2015. Blood samples were collected from 400 students (with age ranging from 15-46year) by finger pricking and analyzed microscopically and by Rapid Diagnostic Test kit. Semi-structured questionnaire probing into their knowledge of the cause of malaria, ability to recognize signs and symptoms, treatment seeking behaviour was distributed to the respondents. The prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum by microscopy was significantly lower (p=0.0000042). More than three quarters of the respondents (88.5%) had a good knowledge of the cause of malaria and were able to identify signs and symptoms of malaria which included headache (51.5%), fever (26%), dizziness (9.5%). Also more than half of the students (202) visit hospital when they recognize such signs while others visit Pharmaceutical outlets (130), drug hawkers (37) or use herbal remedy (31).Malaria preventive measures employed by students ranges from the use of Long-Lasting Insecticide Treated Bednets (74), topical mosquito repellant cream (65) to cleaning the environment (54). Furthermore, half of the students (50%) reported having malaria bouts twice per year, 35% once annually while 15% could not remember how often they have it. These bouts of various frequencies resulted in 360 (90%) of the students being absent from school from less than 10 days to more than 20 days. Proactively placing preventive measures would negate cascades of effects amongst the students. Continuous studies should be carried out to assess the prevalence of malaria in different foci of Nigeria and the level of awareness on the benefits of use of preventive measures should be emphasized among community members if Nigeria and Africa as a whole will meet the elimination target by 2030. UNE ENQUETE SUR LA PREVALENCE DU PALUDISME ET DES MESURES PREVENTIVES ANTIPALUDIQUES PARMI LES ETUDIENTS D'UNIVERSITE DE LAGOS, NIGERIA

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is caused by the presence and growth of microorganisms and females are more at risk of the infection. This survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of pathogenic organisms other than bacteria in urine and vaginal swabs of some selected female individuals and to determine the suitable sample material appropriate for identification of such organisms. Samples were collected from 200 female students of Yabatech and 200 patients attending General Hospital Lagos Island. The female students' and patients' age ranged from 16-55 years. Questionnaires were also administered. A total of 400 samples were collected and examined microscopically and also cultured for organisms' growth. The organisms encountered were Yeast cells, Pus cells and Trichomonas vaginalis. 5(2.5%) positive samples with Trichomonas vaginalis were detected among the examined patients while none of the students were found infected with Trichomonas vaginalis. Yeast cells were the most frequently encountered organism while Trichomonas were the least encountered. The vaginal swab samples yielded more organisms than urine samples. Age group 31-35 years were observed to have the highest percentage growth rate of cultured organisms with students having 87.5% while the patients had 48.8%. Vaginal discharge was the commonest symptom identified among the examined individuals with 68(34.0%) responses. No statistical significance was observed among results obtained for both students and patients. Sex education should be introduced as a means of increasing students' awareness of infections and proper sanitation enforced by the institution.

Introduction: Nigeria is a country with diverse weather conditions supporting the substantial breeding of mosquitoes resulting in high malaria transmission. Mapping of malaria prevalence in areas with ongoing trans-mission is critical for effective distribution of control interventions. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in two different (rural and urban setting) endemic communities within a hypo-endemic state (Lagos) of Nigeria. Methodology: The study targeted patients visiting clinics in both Ijede and Gbagada General Hospital between September and November 2017. All patients visiting each of the two hospitals with febrile complaints were recruited into the survey. Blood samples collected were examined using the standard thick and thin films stained with Giemsa. Results: A total of 342 participants were screened out of which 108 (31.6%) were positive for P. falciparum by microscopy in both centers (Ijede centre 90 [43.9%]; Gbagada 18 [13.1%]). Children aged 1-10 years had the highest prevalence (43.6%) in both locations and this rate was significantly higher (P=0.001) in Ijede (63%) than in Gbagada (17%). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in infection rate between male (31.9 %) and female (31.3%) participants in both sites. Conclusion: These findings give an overview of the “freedom of establishment” of malaria in an under-resourced area where all conditions serve as motivation for the breeding of malaria vectors. Distribution of control measures should strategically target rural areas where the burden of infection is high, and inhabitants of such areas have a disproportionate access to health care.