Creation of composite building materials is a way of improvement of certain properties compared with such properties of source components as mechanical, physical, heat-insulating, acoustic, and in addition chemical stability, life span etc., or materials prime cost reduction, including at the expense of various waste utilization. In this connection, there is a lively interest in heat-insulating and acoustic insulation materials. In creating such materials the problem lies in an optimal solution concerning the choice of a light aggregate, binder and the simplest manufacturing technique for products of quite various shape and size. The advantage of a porous composite material is in unique combination of heat-insulating and structural properties and puts it on the same level with durable building materials designed for the same application. Many man-made formations, in particular solid waste, are valuable technological raw materials and can be involved in technological redistribution in order to obtain new composite building materials. In the production of crushed stone, sands from lithoid pumice and perlite, it is advisable to make the separation and separate obsidian. In this case, the separated obsidian turns into a production waste. Expansion of obsidian will make it possible to obtain a superlight large porous material and thereby solve environmental issues - to utilize production wastes. Concretes, produced using expanded obsidian, are of strength class B 12,5 and average density 1150-1200kg/m3 can be called structural and superlight concretes based on expanded obsidians. Heat conductivity factor of such concretes of 400-1200 kg/m3 average density varies from 0.125 to 0.35W/m0K.