Introduction Exposure to alcohol causes imbalances in neuroimmune function and impaired brain development. Objectives Alcohol activates neuroimmune molecules, expressed and secreted by glial cells in the brain, alter neuronal function and stimulate alcoholic behavior. Methods The study involved women aged 25-41 years-did not drink alcohol 1 month before and during pregnancy – 1-st group; women with I-II degree of alcoholism 3-13 years – 2-nd group. Embryonic material were obtained 8-15 weeks of igestation. 2-nd group were divided into subgroups. Group Alcohol (A)-alcoholic women,s embrious, included 2 subgroups: A1-embryos 8-9 weeks, A2-10-11 weeks of gestation (n=12). The Control group (K) includ control samples K1-8–9, K2-10-11 weeks (n=14). The analysis of changes in morphometric parameters was used to identify quantitative changes among glioblasts, correlation between the degree of differentiation components and the degree of influence of alcohol. For this, the program AxioVision 4.8 was used Parameters of GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors were studied by the radio-receptor assay of [3H]-flunitrazepam with synaptoneurosomes. Results Changes in glioblasts tof human brain embryos and fetuses were revealed under conditions of chronic prenatal alcoholization with an increase in gestational age compared to the control subgroups: a significant increase in the average number of glioblasts, the length of the perimeters of the presynaptic terminal, postsynaptic density, presynaptic terminal areas were significantly less (p<0, 01) in the study group than in the control. Exposure to ethanol reduces the affinity of GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors, which affects neuronal plasticity associated with the development of glioblasts and neuroblasts during embryogenesis. Conclusions Changes in microglial cause disruption of the neuronal activity Disclosure No significant relationships.

Introduction Alcoholization is considered as prolonged auto-aggression, low frustration tolerance, filling of the existential vacuum. In all cases, the use of a psychoactive substance that alters the state of consciousness is regarded as a way of escape from real life. Objectives The study of clinically significant markers in alcoholism associated with the constitutional characteristics of craving for alcohol in people of different ethnicity is importance for the formation of new approaches to prevention and treatment. Methods 68 Russian alcoholics and 67 Tuvans alcoholics only men and 20 healthy male were monitored. Clinical assessment of the condition of patients was carried out with the traditional clinical description. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine serum hormone levels in patients and volunteers. Results Deeper shifts in the increase in ACTH and Cortisol levels were found in alcoholic Tuvinians compared with Russian patients, which is associated with a high risk of alcohol dependence and a highly progressive course of the disease. The index of the ratio Cortisol/ACTH (IR) in the blood of alcoholic patients of the Russian (IR - 10,36) and Tuvan (IR - 10,62) nationalities does not differ, but significantly (1.5 times) differs from the indicator in healthy individuals (IR - 15,12). Conclusions The background level of dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients of Tuvan nationality is significantly more pronounced, however, the index of Cortisol/ACTH ratios (IR) in each ethnic group of patients is constant in this disease, which is characterized by a high level of stress. Disclosure No significant relationships.