Physical infrastructures facilitate much of societal and economic wellbeing of countries, regions and urban areas. In our increasingly urbanizing world, infrastructures in urban areas are densely located and interconnected. The effects of this interconnectedness are being studied increasingly, particularly in light of climate change effects. In this paper, we develop an agent-based simulation model that allows us to study interconnected infrastructure. We present a layered approach that is analogous to GIS overlay approaches, which allows us to integrate representations of different infrastructures. We explore how this approach can help asset managers to gain insights in interconnected infrastructure by estimating their total damage and repair requirements during a flood event. The results show a difference in these estimates, when compared to non-integrated models, highlighting the need for asset managers to consider interconnectedness in infrastructure.

This paper is the result of an international, explorative study of the alignment of government and road authority goals from different European countries and Western Australia. The goal of the study is to advance the understanding of the development of performance management of road agencies. Agencies around the world are using performance management to direct transportation investments, support their governments' priorities, and provide greater accountability to the public. The focus of this study is on the alignment of performance management between government and the road agency. In order to compare the alignment between the different countries a reliability, availability, maintainability, safety, security, health, environment, economics and politics (RAMSSHEEP) categorisation based on systems engineering was used. Special attention was paid to the analysis of a 'line-of-sight' and possible criteria to use for the alignment. We find that in most cases the government objectives are not clearly aligned with agency objectives and performance areas of the agency. This limited line-of-sight is a complicating factor in the determining the effectiveness of the performance measures at government level. Keywords:performance measurement; performance management; transportation; infrastructure; highways; Australia.Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Schoenmaker, R. and van der Lei, T.