We present explicit solutions of the signum-Gordon scalar field equation which have finite energy and are periodic in time. Such oscillons have a strictly finite size. They do not emit radiation.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

[1] We investigate the modulation of aerosols by the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) using multiple, global satellite aerosol products: aerosol index (AI) from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) on Nimbus-7, and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua and the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on NOAA satellites. A composite MJO analysis indicates that large variations in the TOMS AI and MODIS/AVHRR AOT are found over the equatorial Indian and western Pacific Oceans where MJO convection is active, as well as the tropical Africa and Atlantic Ocean where MJO convection is weak but the background aerosol level is high. A strong inverse linear relationship between the TOMS AI and rainfall anomalies, but a weaker, less coherent positive correlation between the MODIS/AVHRR AOT and rainfall anomalies, were found. The MODIS/AVHRR pattern is consistent with ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network data. These results indicate that the MJO and its associated cloudiness, rainfall, and circulation variability systematically influence the variability in remote sensing aerosol retrieval results. Several physical and retrieval algorithmic factors that may contribute to the observed aerosol-rainfall relationships are discussed. Preliminary analysis indicates that cloud contamination in the aerosol retrievals is likely to be a major contributor to the observed relationships, although we cannot exclude possible contributions from other physical mechanisms. Future research is needed to fully understand these complex aerosol-rainfall relationships.

[1] We investigate the intraseasonal (30 -90 day) variations in satellite-observed tropical total ozone (O 3 ) and their connection to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Tropical total O 3 intraseasonal variations are large ($±10 DU) and comparable to those in annual and interannual time scales. These O 3 anomalies are mainly evident in the subtropics over the Pacific and eastern; hemisphere and propagate slowly eastward ($5 m s À1 ). The subtropical negative (positive) O 3 anomalies are typically collocated with the subtropical upper troposphere anticyclones (cyclones) generated by equatorial MJO convection and f lank or lie to the west of the equatorial enhanced (suppressed) MJO convection. The subtropical O 3 are anticorrelated with geopotential height anomalies near the tropopause and thus mainly associated with the O 3 variability in the stratosphere rather the troposphere. Over the equatorial regions, total O 3 anomalies are small.