The adsorption of radionuclides of strontium, rubidium, cesium, uranium and some toxic metal ions from water streams using flasks has been experimentally and theoretically studied. When studying the adsorption of a number of metal ions on them, it was found that in a wide range of pH many cations are durably adsorbed, and in some cases irreversible sorption is observed. Ammonium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese (II), chromium (III), zinc, cadmium, lead, mercury, copper and rare earth ions are durably adsorbed. At the same time, sodium, aluminum, gallium, zirconium, and molybdenum (VI) ions are captured during adsorption from solutions. These ions can be desorbed not only by acidification of the eluting solution, but also by washing the sorbent with water. An analysis of the results obtained in the study of the adsorption of cations made it possible to draw an initial conclusion: those ions that contain vacant d or f orbitals form strong adsorption complexes with flasks. Flasks are used to extract potassium, rubidium, cesium, calcium, strontium and barium ions from water of varying degrees of salinity.

The aim of this work was to study the sorption of piroxicam on the surface of activated carbon obtained by heat treatment from walnut shells. The objects of study are piroxicam (a) and model clusters of the sorbent. The quantitative determination and study of the sorbability of piroxicam is based on photometric recording of spectra at λ 400 nm. The most complete sorption of piroxicam occurs at pH 6,8–7,3, where the maximum difference in the optical density of the solutions was observed before and after sorption, which indicates the formation of a stable state of piroxicam. The results obtained from three series before and after sorption were subjected to statistical processing. The dependences “sorption – equilibrium concentration” presented at various temperatures made it possible to attribute the obtained curves to the Langmuir solution. Based on the obtained thermodynamic indicators, the following conclusions can be made: the reaction proceeds spontaneously, exothermally. Saturation of the surface of activated carbon with a monomolecular layer of piroxicam does not depend much on temperature changes, which is confirmed by close values of thermodynamic parameters at three temperatures. Quantum chemical calculations of the starting materials and model adsorption complexes in the “piroxicam – activated carbon surface” system were performed using the GAMESS US and MOPAC software. As a result of the work done, it was found that activated carbon obtained by heat treatment of walnut shells is a good and quite promising material for concentrating piroxicam and other drugs with the aim of subsequent determination from water and various biological environments.

New options are proposed for the modernization of existing air purification systems using know-how in the wastewater treatment plants themselves and in the area of their location. For air purification, it is proposed to use a new highly effective sorbent material, which is a claydite, covered with a thin layer of pyrolusite (manganese dioxide). This sorbent, which is in a wet state, oxidizes organic and inorganic toxicants on its surface, and also destroys pathogens. The proposed sorbent material is a natural formation obtained from the available raw materials approved for use for which additional permits are not required. Currently on the market there are no direct analogues of this product. Especially it is necessary to note a low cost of a new highly efficient sorbent material. In modern conditions, as a result of the increasing exploitation of water resources, the problems of human impact on the environment become particularly acute. These impacts, as a rule, are accompanied by factors that adversely affect the ecological state of the environment, both in the area of operation of the treatment facilities and in places far from them.

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The physicochemical and absorption properties of the new sorbent obtained by mixing finely ground 100 g of Portland cement - 500, 100 g of the molded glass of the Astrakhan region with 100 cm3 of 10% aqueous sodium chloride solution and forming granules of the required size (from 0.5 to 5 cm in diameter), the formed mass after setting and hardening is placed in running water and maintained until the water has a negative reaction to chloride ion, after drying at 80-850 ° C, the granules are placed in a 40% aqueous solution of diethanolamine (DEA) for 1 h, then the granules are transferred to a sieve, wherein the excess of DEA is removed, and the granules are dried in a stream of air (fan) at 20 - 400 C. From the physico-mechanical characteristics, the main ones are defined as follows: bulk density, water resistance, vibration wear, mechanical crush strength at T 105 ° and 300 ° C, conditional mechanical strength, abradability, grindability and particle size distribution. These indicators are interrelated and allow you to predict changes in the strength characteristics of adsorbents and sorption-filtering materials in the processes of their long-term operation. Experiments have shown that the sorbent strongly adsorbs DEA and DEA salts, which are not destroyed by water and are not diluted with acid solutions. Sorbent is used to purify atmospheric air from acidic gases and water vapor, such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and microorganisms. The results indicate high sorption properties of the sorbent, which allows purifying atmospheric air from acidic gases to below 0.01 MPC.