Cytogenetic biomarkers are an important characteristic of mutagenesis and, as practice has shown, carcinogenesis, they are often used in human populations biomonitoring. The uniqueness of genetic tests in the possibility of assessment before morphological, physiological and population changes, the relevance of prevention and early diagnosis of disease, reducing the risk of genotoxic effects, the likelihood of long-term medical and biological effects. The database contains the results of cytogenetic examination of more than 800 respondents from North Ossetia.In 10 years of research analyzed more than 100,000 metaphases. The frequency of aberrant metaphases in the basic control group was found to be 0.02494, statistically significantly different from the results obtained in the group with exposure-0.03238, p<0.001. For the entire database for the study period (from 2002 to 2011) in the study region (RSO-A) the frequency of cells with chromosomal aberrations is 0.02815. There were no statistically significant differences in cytogenetic parameters between the sexes, the study of the effect of smoking on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations demonstrated ambiguous effects. The dependence of the frequencies and types of chromosomal aberrations on age is shown. Throughout the database, the frequency of aberrant metaphases in adults and children-3,222 and 1,815, respectively, p<0,001.