The article reviews the current morphological classification developed Amsterdamska a group of scientists that provides the adoption of a consensus on the definition and characteristics of the main lesions of the placenta to determine their clinical significance and the development of targeted effects of egocasting pathology of the placenta, discovered during prenatal ultrasound. The conducted research allows to optimize not only diagnostic but also therapeutic tactics in pregnant women at high risk and to predict the further development birth and the birth of a healthy child. Key words: placenta, classification, complications of pregnancy, damage.

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Abstract. The herbicide propisochlor is widely used in agriculture of Ukraine. Its intensive usage is potentially dangerous due to residues in agricultural products, ecosystems, as well as effects on animals’ and humans’ organisms. This fact necessitates the study of its toxicological properties. Aim. To study the propisochlor carcinogenicity in a long-term experiment on male rats. Materials and Methods. The experiment was performed on Wistar Han male rats. There was investigated a sample of 95 % technicalgrade propisochlor, administered to animals intragastrically at doses of 20 and 200 mg/kg of body weight for two years. At the 52ndweek-term, a group of animals was selected to study the propisochlor toxicity. Carcinogenicity was assessed at the 104th week. Results. The toxic effect of propisochlor on the rats’ bodies was revealed in weight loss affected by a 200 mg/kg dose, starting from the 29th week of testing. According to the analysis results of the clinical biochemistry, it was found that propisochlor at a dose of 200 mg/kg at the 52nd week of exposure tended to decrease the activity of ALT and AST. Histologically at the terminal stage at a dose of 200 mg/kg in rats the hepatocellular necrosis with associated focal hemorrhages were detected, which confirmed hepatotoxicity; and in the thyroid gland it was found the increase of nodular follicular-cell hyperplasia cases. Propisochlor did not affect the survival and life expectancy of rats, did not increase the number of animals with tumors, did not affect the multiplicity of newgrowth, did not change the ratio of benign and malignant tumors, and also did not reduce their latency, the dose-effect relationship was not observed. Conclusions. Propisochlor, 95 % technical-grade generic, did not show the carcinogenic effects in a two-year experiment in male rats. NOAEL was identified according to general toxicological criteria and it was 20 mg/kg. Key Words: propisochlor, carcinogenesis, toxicology, Wistar Han male rats, long-term experiment.

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This article presents a description of our own case of ultrasound prenatal diagnostics of complex combined heart disease (complete atrioventricular communication in combination with tetralogy of Fallot) at 19–20 weeks of gestation with ultrasound markers of Down's syndrome in fetus. Pregnancy termination was performed at 21 weeks. Prenatal diagnosis was fully confirmed at the fetus autopsy. This publication discusses the frequency, mechanism of occurrence of such a combination of congenital heart defects, prenatal management, methods, timing and efficiency of surgical correction after birth. Complete atrioventricular communication occurs in approximately 1.7–2% patients with tetralogy of Fallot, and tetralogy of Fallot occurs in 5–10% of patients with atrioventricular communication, most often in patients with Down's syndrome. It is believed that tetralogy of Fallot and a complete defect of the atrioventricular septum develop as a result of different mechanisms, but their joint occurrence is recognized as an association. The prevalence of such a combination in Down syndrome indicates the general foundations of its development.Sonographic diagnosis of atrioventricular communication and tetralogy of Fallot is usually not difficult for prenatal screening. Main diagnostic criteria for complete atrioventricular communication at routine ultrasound screening and targeted fetal echocardiography are an abnormal 4-chamber image of the heart in the form of a common atrioventricular junction and a common five-leafed atrioventricular valve. Typical prenatal sonographic signs of the tetralogy of Fallot are a high defect of the interventricular septum, expansion of the aortic root, displacement of the aorta forward and to the right, narrowing of the pulmonary artery at the level of the valve ring from minor to complete atresia, it is also possible reduction the size of the right ventricle and increasing the size of the left ventricle.The combination of atrioventricular communication with the tetralogy of Fallot refers to severe congenital heart defects requiring surgical correction.