Problem statement: Over the last ten years there has been a phenomenal growth in the amount of funds placed in SRI globally estimated to be around US$6.5 trillion while around US$55 billion in the Australian market. Accurate knowledge of correlation of the Australian SRI market with other SRI markets overseas is crucially important for Australian (SRI) investors for international portfolio diversification since portfolio diversification theory posits that the lower (higher) the correlation between markets, the higher (lower) the gains to be made. The study examines the relationship of the Australian SRI market with fourteen other markets-Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States. Approach: The relationships of the Australian Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) market with other SRI markets worldwide during the period 1994-2009 are examined based on the dynamic conditional correlation multivariate GARCH model (DCCMVGarch). In the DCC method, the multivariate conditional variance estimation is simplified by estimating univariate GARCH models for each market. Using the transformed residuals resulting from the first stage, the authors can estimate a conditional correlation estimator. The standard errors for the first stage parameters remain while the standard errors for the correlation parameters are modified. Results: Our results showed that the Australian market experienced a surge in correlation with all other markets during the global financial crisis. During the period of study, the correlation of Australia with Canada, Denmark, Norway and the United Kingdom increased over time while its correlation with other countries remained stationary. This implies that the Australian SRI market is becoming more integrated with those of Canada, Denmark, Norway and the United Kingdom. Therefore, these overseas markets provide less portfolio diversification benefits to Australian SRI investors while the other markets still offer some opportunities. Conclusion/Recommendations: This study examined the relationship of the Australian Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) market with other SRI markets worldwide during the period 1994-2009 based on dynamic conditional correlation multivariate GARCH model that provides accurate correlations over time that can be incorporated into portfolio models. Australian SRI market was analyzed with fourteen other markets around the world such as Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States. The results showed that the Australian market experienced a spike in correlation with the other markets during periods of market distress; for example, during the recent global financial crisis. In spite of the fluctuations in the correlations of Australian with the other markets the correlations generally remain below 1. Australia's correlation with Denmark, Norway and Japan in...

Problem statement: Equity valuation with the use of multiples is widely used by academics and practitioners concerning its functionality. This study aims to explore the sensitivity of three multiples in terms of bias. Approach: The three multiples under consideration are the Price-To-Sales (P/S) multiple, the Price-To-Book value of equity (P/B) multiple and the Price-To-Earnings (P/E) multiple using both current and one-year-ahead earnings forecasts. Results: According to the empirical results, the multiples P/mdfy1 and P/mnfy1 are considered to be biased, with their means being negatively biased and their medians being positively biased. The results can be considered as reliable owing to the large sample and the procedure followed for its selection. Conclusion: This study offers a better understanding of the valuation approach through the use of multiples, in order analysts assumption to be more carefully and properly chosen and their results to be more accurately produced.