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One of the efficient approaches to improvement of mineral processing technologies is the enhancement of ore pre-treatment with preliminary concentration. A promising dressing technique is X-ray fluorescent separation applied to various minerals to date. This process efficiency depends on various factors connected with characteristics of minerals to be processed, dressability of minerals in the preliminary concentration, geological characteristics, physical and mechanical properties of minerals, specifics of the pre-treatment circuits and modes, as well as with features of X-ray fluorescent separation. The research is aimed to study the influence of the factors which govern expediency and application condition of X-ray fluorescent separation for the preliminary concentration of mineral raw materials. The research methods were modeling of hypothetical ore grading with respect to the content of ore components with plotting of limit curves of separation, testing on X-ray fluorescent separator SRF-100L, theoretical analysis of formulas for calculating ultimate dressability indices as well as analytical calculations of particle size distribution and quality of complex ore separation by the ore separation plant circuit. The research has found that efficiency of the preliminary concentration grows with the lower content of useful component in raw material and with higher degree of dissociation of this component. Efficiency of using ore separation plant circuit in the preliminary concentration depends on the ore hardness and on drilling-and-blasting design, as well as on the circuit and modes of crushing and screening at the ore separation plant, including the number of the machine sorting classes accepted in the circuit. The preliminary concentration technologies with X-ray fluorescent separation should be developed with regard to the influence exerted on the ore separation efficiency by the material constitution of ore and dissociation of mineral phases to sizes suitable for the preliminary concentration, grain size composition of the material before separation, which depends on the parameters of mining, drilling-and-blasting and pre-treatment with crushing and screening, as well as on the ore separation plant circuit and machine sorting classes. The research results are applicable to development of the preliminary ore concentration technologies with X-ray fluorescent separation

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