An important role in the development of the immune response is played by macrophages that acquire either anti-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype depending on their microenvironment. The possibility of targeted reprogramming of the initial M2 macrophage phenotype towards M1 phenotype and vice versa using macrophage reprogramming factors IFN-γ and IL-4, respectively, was demonstrated. We showed that macrophages of genetically different mouse strains did not practically differ by their reprogramming capacity. Our findings suggest that macrophage programming not only participates in the triggering of the immune response, but also can ensure plasticity of functional activity during the developing response.
Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) вносит существенный вклад в повышение уровня инвалидизации населения и по прогнозам экспертов в самое ближайшее время займет 3 е место среди всех причин смерти [1]. В России в последние годы зарегистрировано от 2,4-11,0 млн больных ХОБЛ, а среди болезней органов дыхания ХОБЛ составля ет > 55 % [2,3]. Особую роль в развитии и распро страненности ХОБЛ играет табакокурение [4]. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, 73 % случаев смерти от ХОБЛ обусловлены именно курением [4].ХОБЛ относится к мультикомпонентной систем ной патологии [5], в которой нарушение иммунного ответа в легких играет наиболее важную роль [6]. Развитие иммунного ответа предопределяется глав ными клетками врожденного иммунитета -макро фагами. Показано, что в зависимости от природы действующего патогена, модулирующих медиаторов и специфического микроокружения, макрофаги мо гут приобретать либо провоспалительный М1 фено тип, либо альтернативно -противовоспалительный М2 фенотип [6,7].По сравнению с М2 фенотипом, М1 макрофагами продуцируется большое количество провоспалитель ных цитокинов -интерлейкинов (IL) 12, фактора некроза опухоли α, NO и активных форм кислоро да [7], которыми и обусловлена бактерицидная актив ность макрофагов. Маркерами М1 являются повы шенная, по сравнению с М2 продукция NO, округлая форма макрофагов и поверхностно клеточные рецеп торы -рецептор IL 2 и МАРКО рецептор [7]. Changes in alveolar macrophage functional phenotype under an influence of age and genetic susceptibility as risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Summary A definitive role of tobacco smoking as a risk factor for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) is of no doubt today. We performed in vivo experimental modeling of COPD in mice of different genetic strains (С57 and Balb/c). We studied phenotypes of main cells of the innate immunity that are alveolar macrophages, and revealed genetic and age susceptibility to COPD in experimental animals. We showed that 1) there is a certain genetic susceptibility to hazardous exposition of tobacco smoke, probably, associated with proinflammatory М1 macrophage phenotype; 2) aging promotes transformation of macrophage phenotypes towards antiinflammatory М2 which is more expressed in mice macro phages with baseline genetically determined М1 phenotype (mice strain С57), and 3) long time exposition to tobacco smoke enhances age depend ent macrophage transformation aside М2 phenotype, that is also more expressed in mice macrophages with genetically determined М1 phenotype (С57). Key words: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, risk factors, macrophage phenotypes. РезюмеРоль табакокурения как фактора риска в развитии хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) является определяющей. В экс перименте in vivo проводилось моделирование ХОБЛ у мышей разных генетических линий (С57 и Balb/c). Изучены фенотипы основных клеток системы врожденного иммунитета легких -альвеолярных макрофагов. Выявлены генетическая и возрастная предрасположен ...
The defining role of tobacco smoking as a risk factor of COPD is of no doubt. However, there are still some unanswered questions. Do genetic determination and age‐related changes of macrophage's phenotype contribute to the development of lung pathology? Does alveolar macrophageˈs phenotype change with tobacco smoking? We modeled COPD in mice of different genetic strains (C57 and BALB/c) by tobacco smoke and studied phenotypes of alveolar macrophages. High production of NO is an indication of M1 phenotype; low production of NO after stimulation with LPS is an indication of M2 phenotype. It was shown that 1) there is a genetic predisposition to the influence of tobacco smoke, associated with proinflammatory M1 phenotype of macrophages; 2) aging promotes macrophages phenotype transformation towards antiinflammatory M2 which is more expressed in macrophages of mice with initially genetically determined M1 phenotype (C57), and 3) inhalation of tobacco smoke enhances age‐dependent transformation of macrophages aside M2 phenotype, that is also more expressed in macrophages of mice with genetically determined M1 phenotype (C57).Grant #x00039A; No#x0003A0;811 Federal Special Program of Russia 2009–2013.
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