Data AvailabilitySequencing data that support the findings of this paper have been deposited in the European Genome-phenome Archive with the accession code EGAD00001005434.
Code AvailabilityAll code required to reproduce the analysis outline in this manuscript can be found in the main and supplementary methods. There are no restrictions to the accessibility of this code.
Author ContributionsAN designed and implemented the rapid autopsy study, collected the samples, performed the experiments, analyzed data and wrote the manuscript. MG and S.D.P contributed expertise in pathology and sample collection for the rapid autopsy study. ID-B and NG assisted in study implementation, and along with JC, assisted with sample collection at autopsy. M.S performed the structural variant analysis. M.D.E performed genomic data generation and QC. LB conducted data management. XL, PL-S and JW were involved with autopsy sample collection, advice on experiments and data analysis, and XL contributed to experiments, paper writing, and figure design. LA and IM assisted with data analysis. NG assisted with study Implementation. SMac coordinated the sequencing of samples from the OCCAMS project and contributed to paper writing. SM and AM provided pathology data. TT, SG, LP and DG assisted in implementation and ethical conduct of the autopsy study. R.H.H and AH were involved in surgical sample collection and providing surgical expertise. M.R.S contributed to critical evaluation of the study data and manuscript. D.C.W was responsible for data analysis, paper writing, and assuring integrity of data. The OCCAMS consortium was the vehicle through which the infrastructure and funding was obtained to support the study and the consortium contributed to discussions on the ICGC data and the clinical ramifications. R.C.F provided grant funding and was responsible for study design, supervision of the project, writing the paper and assuring integrity of the data.
Hospice palliative care unit staff find discharging patients to care homes necessary, but often unsatisfactory for themselves and distressing for patients and relatives. Further research is needed to understand patients' experiences concerning moving to care homes for end of life care, in order that interventions can be implemented to mitigate this distress.
Syringe drivers are widely used in palliative care, and this article reviews the challenges and outstanding questions associated with their use. Misperceptions among the lay public and some health professionals can be addressed by sensitive communication with patients and families and clear thinking in clinical teams concerning the drugs and doses used, particularly in non-malignant disease. Good levels of knowledge concerning syringe driver use has been found among GPs and community nurses, although this is not the case in some nursing home teams. The advantages of newer devices, safety and efficacy of drug combinations, selection of diluent, and management of site reactions are discussed.
Marketing messages socialize individuals into believing that (amongst other practices) consuming cosmetics is the key to beauty and such messages are now being targeted directly to pre‐adolescents. Research shows marketing portrayals of beauty ideals are associated with body disillusionment; however, there is a lack of knowledge on how 'tweens’ enculturation of the necessity to consume beauty products influences their personal development and perspectives of others. The present study examines tweens perceptions of girls who own makeup; 111 girls between 6 and 12 years drew and described a child who owned makeup and a child who did not own makeup, resulting in 222 drawings. The drawings and descriptive words were coded inductively using emerging themes and differences between the two drawings were analysed using SPSS and chi‐square analysis. Findings revealed girls who owned makeup were perceived to be more attractive, happy, and popular than girls who did not wear makeup, however, they were also perceived to be “nastier” than girls who did not own makeup. The findings revealed tweens are enculturated into contemporary beauty ideals and hold strong stereotypes regarding owning makeup. Interpreted through the lens of sociocultural theory and the Halo Effect, findings are discussed in terms of how such ideals shape tweens expectations of others and ultimately may shape their own personal behaviour with regards to social interactions, roles and activities engaged in. We argue that the beauty ideal stereotypes associated with tween cosmetic ownership may be in reality, less than ideal.
The UK literature is very limited, despite such transfers being an increasingly common part of clinical practice and a source of concern to patients, relatives and staff alike. Further research is urgently needed in this area, especially studies of patients themselves, in order to understand their experiences and views.
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