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patients received a total of 40 pipeline embolization devices (Table 2), 2 received the WEB embolization device, and 3 patients received coils. The Catalyst was used with the Marksman microcatheter in 3 (8.3%) cases, and the VIA microcatheter in 34 (94.4%) cases. The Catalyst was successfully advanced in all cases (Figure 2), with the distal tip located in the petrous ICA 1 (2.7%), proximal cavernous 6 (16.7), distal cavernous/clinoidal 24 (66.7%), ophthalmic 1 (2.7%), communicating 1 (2.7), distal ACA 1 (2.7%), and distal vertebral artery 2 (5.4%). No patients experienced iatrogenic vessel dissection or other complications related to the catheter. Conclusions The Catalyst 5 is an adept distal access catheter for cerebral aneurysm embolization with facile utility in the deployment of PEDs, WEB devices, as well as traditional Abstract E-100 Figure 1 (A) Angiogram demonstrates a R Pcomm aneurysm. (B) Introduction of the PED. The distal PED was opened in the MCA and withdrawn back into the supraclinoid ICA. (C) Deployment of the PED across the aneurysm neck. (D) Post-deployment angiogram shows significant contrast stasis.

Osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) is a disease of the femoral head and can cause femoral head collapse and arthritis. This can lead to pain and gait disorders. ONFH has various risk factors, it is often progressive, and if untreated results in secondary osteo-arthritis. Biological therapy makes use of bone marrow concentrate, cultured osteoblast and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) obtained from various sources. These are often used in conjunction with core decompression surgery. In this review article, we discuss the current status of cell therapy and its limitations. We also present the future development of biological approach to treat ONFH.