Purpose: We used optical coherence tomography angiography to analyze the macular microvasculature of normal eyes of healthy Korean children; we derived normative data stratified by age.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 68 children (126 eyes) aged from 3 to 15 years. Optical coherence tomography angiography was performed on 3-mm2 regions centered on the fovea. The vascular densities of the superficial and deep capillary plexuses and the foveal avascular zone were determined, and analyzed by age. We sought correlations between age, gender, axial length, and the spherical equivalent.Results: The foveal, superficial capillary plexus vessel densities were 17.41 ± 5.41, 20.53 ± 4.76, 21.78 ± 5.73, and 22.95 ± 3.91% in children aged 3-5, 6-8, 9-11, and 12-15 years, respectively. The vessel densities of the foveal deep capillary plexus were 30.20 ± 6.59, 34.54 ± 7.16, 35.81 ± 6.02, and 37.38 ± 5.16% in those aged 3-5, 6-8, 9-11, and 12-15 years, respectively. Significant differences by age were apparent (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, respectively). The foveal vessel densities of the superficial and deep capillary plexuses were positively correlated with axial length (R2 = 0.153, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.158, p < 0.001, respectively) and the foveal avascular zone area was negatively correlated with axial length (R2 = 0.085, p < 0.001).Conclusions: The vessel densities of the superficial and deep capillary plexuses measured via optical coherence tomography angiography in normal eyes of healthy Korean children differed by age, and correlated significantly with axial length.

An 8-year-old boy visited our clinic with reduced visual acuity. On slit lamp examination, an immobile lenticular cyst was evident on the posterior lens capsule of the left eye. There was no other abnormality. He had no history of ocular trauma or surgery. His Snellen best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) were 1.0 (-0.50 Dsph 0.50 Dcyl ×180°) in the right eye and 0.3 (+3.25 Dsph 1.00 Dcyl ×180°) in the left. After diagnosis of a primary lenticular cyst and anisometropic amblyopia, the child was prescribed glasses and occlusion therapy (8 hours daily). After 3 months, the BCVA improved to 0.9 in the left eye and was maintained. No change in lenticular cyst size was observed during 8 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Primary lenticular cysts are very rare in children. When the cyst is too small to occlude the visual axis, amblyopia treatment (glasses and occlusion therapy) is preferable to surgery, being both non-invasive and effective.

Purpose: To evaluate macular vessel density (VD) change and its correlation with prognosis based on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) before and after intravitreal bevacizumab injection in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) with macular edema. Methods: We retrospectively examined 32 eyes of 32 patients who were followed for more than 12 months after intravitreal bevacizumab injection due to BRVO with macular edema. Follow-up was performed at 1-month intervals, and additional injections were performed if necessary. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were measured before and 12 months after intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Using OCTA, the area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and macular VD were measured before and 12 months after intravitreal bevacizumab injection. The correlation between change in macular VD and number of injections was analyzed. Results: The BCVA and CRT improved 12months after intravitreal bevacizumab injection (p = 0.019, p = 0.017, respectively), and FAZ area showed a decrease after 12 months (p = 0.023). The parafoveal deep capillary plexus (DCP) VD and affected macular VD were significantly increased (p = 0.032, p = 0.012). The mean number of injections was 3.20 ± 1.92, and the larger was the decrease in macular DCP VD, the lower was the number of injections (β = -0.524, p = 0.015). Conclusions: OCTA was able to quantitatively measure changes in macular vasculature in BRVO patients with macular edema. The VD in DCP significantly increased after intravitreal bevacizumab injection, and the larger was its decrease, the lower was the likelihood of recurrence of macular edema.