In this paper, we propose a novel design of a two-element array antenna on an electrical thick substrate with an extremely narrow array distance. The proposed array consists of a rectangular ring patch printed on a thick substrate and a monopole wire in the center of the substrate. Each element has a modal difference in the radiation pattern, causing high isolation and low correlation between the array elements. From the measurement results, the monopole and patch elements exhibit reflection coefficients of −10 dB and −10.7 dB with peak gains of 3.8 dBi and 6.1 dBi, respectively, at 1.6 GHz. The mutual coupling between the two elements is −20.7 dB. For modal analysis of the antenna pattern, spherical mode decomposition is performed on the radiation patterns of the two elements, and low envelope correlation coefficient levels below 16% are maintained. We also investigate the antijamming performance using a power inversion algorithm in a practical pattern nulling application; a null depth of −47.7 dB and a null width of 33.2° are obtained when the interference signal arrives at the elevation angle of 45°.

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This letter proposes a novel design for a printed 5G monopole antenna on a vehicle window glass. The proposed antenna consists of a coplanar waveguide (CPW), a monopole radiator, parasitic elements, and a lattice-structure reflector. The parasitic elements are placed on either side of the monopole radiator to improve the bore-sight gain. To solve the radiation pattern distortion problem that occurs due to the thick vehicle window glass, the lattice-structure reflector is printed on the opposite side of the monopole radiator. Through fabrication and measurement of the proposed antenna, it is confirmed that the design improves bore-sight gain, and minimizes the radiation pattern distortion. The results demonstrate that the proposed 5G monopole antenna with parasitic elements and the lattice-structure reflector is suitable for 5G communication in vehicle applications.

This article analyzes the number of duct occurrences in the Korean coastal area by seasonal statistical histograms using massive atmospheric data sets collected from 2010 to 2017 at four meteorological observatories. In order to estimate electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics in the presence of the duct atmosphere, we obtain and examine the path loss values by using the advanced refractive prediction system (AREPS) software applying the massive refractive index data set and the actual Korean coastal terrain data. These results are then fitted using Burr Type XII PDF curves to derive quantitative mean and variance values. To verify the suitability of the simulated path losses in the proposed analysis, the measurement of the path losses between Jeung‐do and Heuksan‐do are carried out in October 2017. The measurements and simulations of the autumn results are fitted by Burr Type XII CDF curves and agree well with each other.