BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESGlutathione S-transferase (GST) forms a multigene family of phase II detoxification enzymes which are involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. This study examines whether daily supplementation of kale juice can modulate blood pressure (BP), levels of lipid profiles, and blood glucose, and whether this modulation could be affected by the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms.SUBJECTS/METHODS84 subclinical hypertensive patients showing systolic BP over 130 mmHg or diastolic BP over 85 mmHg received 300 ml/day of kale juice for 6 weeks, and blood samples were collected on 0-week and 6-week in order to evaluate plasma lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol) and blood glucose.RESULTSSystolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased in all patients regardless of their GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphisms after kale juice supplementation. Blood glucose level was decreased only in the GSTM1-present genotype, and plasma lipid profiles showed no difference in both the GSTM1-null and GSTM1-present genotypes. In the case of GSTT1, on the other hand, plasma HDL-C was increased and LDL-C was decreased only in the GSTT1-present type, while blood glucose was decreased only in the GSTT1-null genotype.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that the supplementation of kale juice affected blood pressure, lipid profiles, and blood glucose in subclinical hypertensive patients depending on their GST genetic polymorphisms, and the improvement of lipid profiles was mainly greater in the GSTT1-present genotype and the decrease of blood glucose was greater in the GSTM1-present or GSTT1-null genotypes.

Glutathione s‐transferase (GST) forms a multigene family of phase II detoxification enzymes which are involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. In this study, whether daily supplementation of kale juice could modulate levels of plasma antioxidant vitamin, and whether this modulation could be affected by GSTM1 and T1 polymorphisms was examined. Eighty four subclinical hypertensive patients showing systolic blood pressure (BP) over 130 mmHg or diastolic BP over 85 mmHg received 300 ml/day of kale juice for 6 weeks, and blood samples were drawn before and after these 6 weeks. The plasma level of vitamin C increased significantly in the GSTM1‐null genotype, but not significantly in the wild type. However, the level significantly increased in both null and wild GSTT1 genotypes. The plasma level of β‐carotene increased in both null and wild genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 after the kale juice supplementation. The plasma levels of retinol, α‐, γ‐tocopherol, α‐carotene, cryptoxanthin, and coenzyme Q10 did not show any significant difference in either GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotypes and in null and wild genotypes. This study suggests that the polymorphism of the GSTM1 gene exists in the plasma level of vitamin C in subclinical hypertensive patients (This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012‐0001682)).

Glutathione s‐transferase (GST) forms a multigene family of phase II detoxification enzymes which are involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we examined whether daily supplementation of kale juice could modulate the blood pressure, levels of lipid profiles and the blood glucose, and whether this modulation could be affected by the GSTM1 and T1 polymorphisms. 84 subclinical hypertensive patients showing the systolic blood pressure (BP) over 130 mmHg or the diastolic BP over 85 mmHg received 300 ml/day of kale juice for 6 weeks, and blood samples were drawn before and after 6 weeks. Blood pressure significantly decreased in all GST genotypes after kale juice supplementation. Plasma glucose level decreased only in the GSTM1‐wild genotype, and plasma lipid profiles showed no difference in both GSTM1‐null and GSTM1‐wild genotypes. However, plasma HDL‐C was increased and LDL‐C was decreased in GSTT1‐wild type, while the blood glucose decreased in GSTT1‐ null genotype. Our findings suggest that the supplementation of kale juice might improve lipid profile in GSTT1‐wild genotype and decrease the blood glucose in the GSTM1‐wild or GSTT1‐null genotypes. (This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012–0001682)).