Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) and taste and odor problems in drinking water are a sensitive issue in municipal water treatment plants. This study investigated the effectiveness of ozone (O3) + granular activated carbon (GAC), O3 + hydroperoxide (H2O2) + GAC, and GAC processes using a pilot scale plant to remove NOM and geosmin (50–1,000 ng/L), and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB: 50–300 ng/L). In the O3 + GAC process, NOM-related parameters showed an average of 52% dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal from 2 mg/L DOC influent, 99.3% haloacetic acids (HAAs) removal from 0.097 mg/L HAAs influent, and 100% removal from 0.05 mg/L bromide influent. Taste and odor removal rates were 94–100% for geosmin and 87–100% for 2-MIB. The O3 + H2O2 + GAC process removed an average of 55% DOC, 99.7% HAAs, 100% bromate, 94–100% geosmin, and 93–100% 2-MIB. The GAC process removed 46% DOC, 98.3% HAAs, 100% bromate, 83–100% geosmin, and 81–100% 2-MIB. Based on a comparison of the efficiencies and an economic analysis, the O3 + H2O2 + GAC process was determined to be the optimal system for removing NOM and taste and odor compounds.

Several studies have demonstrated that excitatory amino acid carrier-1 (EAAC1) gene deletion exacerbates hippocampal and cortical neuronal death after ischemia. However, presently there are no studies investigating the role of EAAC1 in hippocampal neurogenesis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that reduced cysteine transport into neurons by EAAC1 knockout negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis under physiological or pathological states. This study used young mice (aged 3–5 months) and aged mice (aged 11–15 months) of either the wild-type (WT) or EAAC1−/− genotype. Ischemia was induced through the occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries for 30 minutes. Histological analysis was performed at 7 or 30 days after ischemia. We found that both young and aged mice with loss of the EAAC1 displayed unaltered cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, as compared to age-matched WT mice under ischemia-free conditions. However, neurons generated from EAAC1−/− mice showed poor survival outcomes in both young and aged mice. In addition, deletion of EAAC1 reduced the overall level of neurogenesis, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival after ischemia. The present study demonstrates that EAAC1 is important for the survival of newly generated neurons in the adult brain under physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, this study suggests that EAAC1 plays an essential role in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis.

The seroprevalence of HBsAg in Daegu/Gyeongbuk province was 4.8% and showed no difference through the time period of 10 years. The seroprevalence of anti-HCV was 0.5% and also showed no difference through the time periods.

Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem disorder presenting recurrent oral and genital ulcerations as well as ocular lesions, involving the nervous system in a subgroup of patients. BD develops at a young age and is frequently presented with an acute or subacute brainstem syndrome or hemiparesis, as well as with other various neurological manifestations, the syndrome is often included in the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, stroke of the young adult, and other neurological disorders. Transverse myelitis (TM) is a clinical syndrome in which an immune-mediated process causes neural injury to the spinal cord, resulting in varying degrees of weakness, sensory alterations and autonomic dysfunction. Spinal Neuro-behcet's disease is rare case. We reported a 33 -year old man who had been treated for BD for 3 years.