The physiological effects of red Welsh onion were examined and compared with those of white Welsh onion. Male 6-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) was fed a control diet or diets high in fat and sucrose (HFS) with or without 5 % Welsh onion (red or white variety) for 4 weeks. A significant effect to suppress the increase in the blood pressure and the increase in the lipids in plasma and liver was observed in rats fed the red, but not white, Welsh onion compared to the rats fed the HFS diets. Red and white Welsh onion was effective to suppress the increase in the lipid peroxides in plasma, and in liver in case of white Welsh onion. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was downregulated by feeding the red and white Welsh onion. These results suggest that, although the antioxidant activity of red Welsh onion is weaker than the white one, antioxidant activity together with hypolipidemic effect of red Welsh onion might work favorably to suppress the increase in blood pressure. Detection of flavonoids, especially quercetin, and anthocyanins suggests that these compounds might be physiologically active components in red Welsh onion.

Background The global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) proposed the first international standards (GLIM criteria) for malnutrition diagnosis. Early screening using nutritional tools is recommended to improve the prognosis of older patients. The association between Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNAⓇ-SF) and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and prognosis has been reported, but there is insufficient evidence to develop the GLIM criteria for older inpatients. We aimed to evaluate the MNAⓇ-SF, GNRI, and GLIM criteria to determine their contribution to the prognosis prediction of hospitalized older patients at 1 year after discharge. Methods This study included 386 patients hospitalized between September 2014 and October 2015, and May and December 2019. After excluding 17 patients who died at the time of initial hospitalization, 23 who were lost to follow-up after 1 year, and 28 who had missing data on admission, only 318 were included in the final analysis. The primary outcome was death within 1 year after discharge, assessed using the MNA®-SF, GNRI, and GLIM criteria, and survival analysis was conducted. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to identify the nutritional assessment tools that contributed to the prognosis prediction. Results A total of 43 patients died within 1 year. Of them, 58.1% had malnutrition and 37.2% were at risk of malnutrition, assessed using the MNAⓇ-SF; 27.9% had severely malnourished assessed using the GNRI; and 58.1% had severely malnourished assessed using the GLIM criteria. The proportions of malnourished and severely malnourished patients were significantly higher in the mortality group than in the survival group. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed hazard ratios of 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24–4.71) for at risk and 2.17 (95% CI: 0.48–9.84) for malnutrition (MNAⓇ-SF); 5.68 (95% CI: 2.74–11.80) for moderately malnourished and 7.69 (95% CI: 3.13–18.91) for severely malnourished (GNRI); and 1.47 (95% CI: 0.48–4.50) for moderately malnourished and 2.45 (95% CI: 1.22–4.93) for severely malnourished (GLIM criteria); GNRI had the most significant contribution to prognosis prediction. Conclusions GNRI significantly contributed to the prognosis prediction 1 year after hospital discharge of older patients.

BackgroundThe global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) proposed the first international standards (GLIM criteria) for undernutrition diagnosis. Early screening using a prognostic nutritional assessment tool is recommended to improve the prognosis of older patients. The association between Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNAⓇ-SF) and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and prognosis has been reported, but there is insufficient evidence to develop the GLIM criteria for older inpatients. In the present study, the nutritional assessment tools MNAⓇ-SF, GNRI, and GLIM criteria were investigated to determine whether contribute to the prognosis of hospitalized older patients 1 year after discharge.MethodsA total of 386 patients were hospitalized between September 2014 and October 2015, May and December 2019 were enrolled. After excluding 18 patients who died during initial hospitalization, 22 who were lost to follow-up after 1 year, 40 who had missing data on admission, and 1 who discontinued follow-up, only 318 were included in the final analysis.The primary outcome was death within 1 year after discharge, assessed using the MNA®-SF, GNRI, and GLIM criteria; survival analysis was conducted. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was also performed to identify the nutritional assessment tools that contribute to patients’ prognosis.ResultsA total of 43 died within 1 year. Of these patients, 58.1% had malnutrition and 39.5% had moderate malnutrition assessed using the MNAⓇ-SF, 27.9% had severe malnutrition using the GNRI, and 58.1% had severe malnutrition using the GLIM criteria. The percentages of malnutrition and severe malnutrition were significantly higher in the mortality group than in the survival group.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that MNAⓇ-SF had a hazard ratio of 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24–4.71) for at risk, 2.17 (95% CI: 0.48–9.84) for malnutrition, 5.68 (95% CI: 2.74–11.80) for moderate GNRI, 7.69 (95% CI: 3.13–18.91) for severe GNRI, and 1.47 (95% CI: 0.48–4.50) for moderate GLIM criteria, 2.45 (95% CI: 1.22–4.93) for severe GLIM criteria; GNRI had the most significant contribution to the prognosis.ConclusionsGNRI contributed to the prognosis 1 year after discharge of hospitalized older patients than MNAⓇ-SF and GLIM criteria.

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