BackgroundAt the end of Millennium development goals, Ethiopia was included among 10 countries which constitutes about 59% of maternal deaths due to complications of pregnancy and/or childbirth every year globally. Institutional delivery, which is believed to contribute in reduction of maternal mortality is still low. Hence this study was conducted in order to assess utilization of institutional delivery and related factors in Bench Maji zone, Southwest Ethiopia.MethodsCross sectional study was employed from September 1st – 30th, 2015 in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia where 765 mothers who deliver 2 years preceding the study provided data for this research. Data were collected by enumerators who were trained. In addition to descriptive statistics, binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was considered at a p-value < 0.05. Strength of association was also assessed using odds ratios with a 95% confidence intervals.ResultsAbout 800 mothers were approached but 765 of them who gave birth 2 years preceding the survey participated and gave consent to the data included in the analysis. About 78.30% delivered their last child in health institution while rest gave birth at home. Factors such as maternal age, religion, occupation, availability of information source as TV/Radio, income quartile, residence, knowledge of problems during labor and antenatal follow up had association with institutional delivery which was significant.ConclusionIn Bench Maji Zone institutional delivery was shown to be comparatively good compared to other studies in the region and in Ethiopia in general even though it is below the health sector transformation plan of Ethiopia which aimed to increase deliveries attended by skilled health personnel to 95%. Empowering women, increasing awareness about institutional delivery and proper scaling up of antenatal care services which is an entry point for institutional delivery are recommended.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2057-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Introduction Numerous studies have explored an effect of cigarette smoking on tuberculosis treatment outcomes but with dissimilar conclusions. Objective To determine the effect of cigarette smoking on tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Methods PubMed, Cochrane library and Google scholar databases were searched last on February 27, 2019. We applied the random-effects model for the analysis. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger’s regression. Furthermore, we performed Orwin’s Fail-Safe N and cumulative meta-analysis to check for small studies’ effect. Results Out of 22 studies we included in the qualitative synthesis, 12 studies reported p-values less than 0.05 where smoking significantly favored poor treatment outcomes. The remaining 10 studies reported p-values larger than 0.05 implying that smoking does not affect the treatment outcomes. Twenty studies met the criteria for inclusion in a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis found that smoking significantly increased the likelihood of poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes by 51% (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.30 to 1.75 and I-square = 75.1%). In a sub-group analysis, the effect was higher for low- and middle-income countries (OR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.31 to 2.30) and upper-middle-income economies (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.98) than for high-income ones (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.75) even though the differences in the effects among the strata were not statistically significant as demonstrated by overlapping of confidence intervals of the effects. Meta-regression analysis, adjusted for income economies, found the effect of smoking has not significantly improved over the years (p = 0.92) and thus implying neither of the covariates were source of the heterogeneity. Egger’s regression test indicated that publication bias is unlikely (p = 0.403). Conclusion Cigarette smoking is significantly linked with poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes.

In Ethiopia, contraceptive use has doubled in the last five years, but women still bears an average of five children and 25% of married women want to space or limit their births but are not currently using contraception. So that, the purpose of this study was to assess Family planning services utilization and its associated factors among married women in Benchi-Maji Zone, Southwest, Ethiopia.A community based cross sectional study was carried out to collect data from 801 randomly selected married women in the reproductive age group from six Kebles (lowest administrative unit). Pretested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data was entered into a computer using Epi-Data version 3.0 then exported to SPSS for Windows version 20.0 for further analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify important predictors of family planning service utilization.Out of 765 study participants, 82.61% were current users of at least one of Family Planning (FP) method and majority of them were using methods to space birth interval 452 (71.5%), to prevent unwanted pregnancy 198 (31.3%), followed by to promote health of born children 149 (23.6%). Knowledge about the benefits of FP and postnatal care follow up during their last delivery showed statistically significant associations with FP service utilization. Mothers who have mentioned at least one benefit of FP were about seventy times (AOR 71 95 % CI 25-202) more likely to ever use either of the FP methods and who have PNC follow up during their last delivery were about four times more likely (AOR 3.795 % CI 1.6-9.0) to use either of the FP methods in comparison with those mothers who haven't attended for Postnatal care at all.Most of the study participants prefer to use short-term family planning methods. It is important to promote longterm family planning methods to get a desire outcome among married women. Women are more receptive of FP during post-natal visits. It is desirable to utilize that visit for promotion of long-term FP methods among married women.

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