Background:The Operating Room (OR) is considered one of the high-risk areas in hospital that encounter high rate of infection and mortality. Standard precautions considered as barriers and work practice controls established to prevent sharp injuries and blood exposure. Aim: This study aims to assess the effect of an educational guideline on compliance level regarding standard precautions measures among the operating room nurses. Research design: A quasiexperimental design was used in this study. Setting: The present study was conducted at the operating room unit at El-Hussein University Hospital. Subjects: A convenience sample of all available nurses (40) who are working in operating room unit at El-Hussein University Hospital and accept to be in the study was selected as a study sample. Data collection tools: Nurses' structured self-administered questionnaire, nurses' compliance self-reported scale and nurses' practices observational checklist. Results: Regarding the total level of knowledge and practices regarding to infection control among operating room nurses the present study reported that all of the study nurses had unsatisfactory level of total knowledge and practices at pre educational guidelines implementation phase, while this level was improved at post and follow up phases.Regarding the total compliance level with standard precautions, the present study revealed that all of the study nurses had low level of total compliance pre educational guidelines implementation phase, while compliance level was improved at post and follow up phases. Regarding correlation between total level of knowledge, practice and compliance with standard precautions measures post educational guidelines implementation, the present study showed that there was highly positive correlation between total level of knowledge, practices and compliance with standard precautions measures among the operating room nurses post educational guidelines implementation. Conclusion: This study concluded that the educational guidelines for nurses' in the operating room was effective in improving their compliance level (knowledge, practices and self-reported compliance) regarding standard precaution measures, so the study results supporting the hypothesis of the present study. Recommendation: The importance of periodic in-service training program for nurses in OR regarding compliance standard precautions of infection control for continues updating their knowledge and focusing on areas of non-compliance and close supervision is needed to ensure that quality of care is provided by nurses while compliance standard precautions of infection control.

Background: Nurses caring for patients undergoing cholecystectomy spend more time with patients than do any other health care providers and patient outcomes are affected by nursing care quality. Thus, improvements in patient safety can be achieved by improving nurses' practice competence. Aim:to assess effects of the self-learning package (SLP) on nurses' knowledge and practices regarding patient care undergoing laparoscopic cholesectomy.Setting:the study was carried out in saied Galal &Elhussien hospital at the Alazhar University Hospitals. Method: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized to conduct this study using a pretest-posttest and follow up test approach, using two tools to conduct this study (knowledge questionnaire sheet & Observational checklist sheet regarding patient care undergoing laproscopic cholecystectomy. A convenient sample of 60 nurses were selected to achieve the aim of the present study. Study results: results of this study revealed that there were highly statistically significant differences with the increase of the total scores of nurses' knowledge and practice pre/post pre/follow up and post/ follow up. The study concluded that, there was statistically significant positive effect of SLP on nurses' knowledge and practice. As a result of this study, the study recommended; conduction of further researches in this area in order to enrich, improve, & update nurse's practice. Periodic in-service education program regarding nursing care for patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and self-learning package to be performed for patients are recommended.

Background: Ethical and professional values are universal rules of conduct that provide a practical basis for identifying what kinds of actions, intentions, and motives are valued. It is demonstrated in ethical codes and clarify nursing profession practices, such as the quality of professional care. Aim: of this study assess the nurses' awareness regarding ethical and legal issues in critical care units. Design: A descriptive exploratory research design was used to conduct this study. Setting: Emergency Hospital at critical care units, Mansoura University, Egypt. Subjects: A convenient sample of all available nurses (50) from both sex working in Critical Care Units, who provide direct patient care. Tools: Data were collected through using two tools; Tool (I) Self-Administrated interview Questionnaire, that include two parts; part I included demographic characteristics of nurses and part II included Self-Administered knowledge questionnaire. Tool (II) observational checklist to assess the level of nurses' practice. Results: More than half of the studied nurses had average level regarding their knowledge about ethical issues in critical care units. While the same percentage were incompetent related to their practice level about the professional nursing ethics. Conclusion: There were a highly significant positive correlation between total knowledge and practice of the studied nurses regarding ethical issues in Critical Care Units. Also, more than half of studied nurses were incompetent related to their total practice level about the professional nursing ethics. Recommendation: The necessity of providing critical care nurses with specialized training in ethical and legal problems. The study should be replicated on large sample and in different hospitals setting to generalize the results.