Microneedles (MNs) are the most interesting and minimally invasive technique in pharmaceutical drug delivery systems. Recently researchers have concluded that MNs can be prominent future methods. Depending on the unique properties of MNs, they can be used widely in drug delivery systems. This delivery method has improved drug delivery avoiding many hurdles that were linked with the conventional system. The principal mechanism involved is temporarily damaging the skin layer; hence micron-size pores are created, which help the drug to reach the targeted site without any complications. The popularity of MNs in pharmaceutical and biomedical research is growing exponentially as it offers easy delivery of bio-actives to the specific site with minimal invasion. Several numbers of molecules are delivering via MNs, such as hormones, vaccines, and peptides. In this review, the efficiency of Micro-needle, their fabrication materials, as drug delivery carriers, and various associated patents are discussed.

Pre-eclampsia is a type of hypertension that affects several organs during pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia, on the other hand, does not go away once the baby is born, but it can harm the mother and her children for years. A pre-eclamptic woman is at risk for cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and metabolic abnormalities later in life if she has pre-eclampsia. In research, children born to pre-eclamptic moms have had a variety of issues. These conditions are associated with cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, and gastrointestinal issues later in life. The purpose of this study is to learn more about the long-term impact of pre-eclampsia on both mothers and children. Pregnancy and postpartum offer a unique window of opportunity for screening and intervention for both mother and child in the interests of health maintenance and disease prevention.

“Compassionate Use,” also known as expanded access, is a method by which patients with a life-threatening or seriously debilitating disease that has no satisfactory treatment alternatives can gain access to new drugs outside the context of a clinical trial. Compassionate use (CU) of unlicensed drugs serves the need of patients with the serious debilitating disease in the absence of alternative approved therapies. CU does allow limited access to new products currently in clinical trials. However, it must be remembered that there are strict guidelines to follow. As with any new drug-device or treatment, there are strict guidelines determined by the Food and Drug Administration and study sponsor, especially for CU. This article contains the use of an investigational drug in emergencies, which are the ethical aspects for getting approval, the major challenges in taking a compassionate drug, and the benefits for dying patients.

: Several current studies have highlighted the high occurrence of coagulopathy in nCOVID-19 infection. The corona virus often prompts hypercoagulability along with both microangiopathy and local thrombus development, and systemic coagulation limitation which causes large vessel thrombosis and key thromboembolic issues such as pulmonary embolism in seriously ill hospitalized patients. Based on recent reports, the most severely ill patients present with coagulopathy, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)-like massive intravascular clot formation is frequently seen in this cohort. Therefore, coagulation tests may be considered useful to discriminate severe cases of nCOVID-19. The clinical presentation of nCOVID-19-associated coagulopathy is organ dysfunction primarily, while hemorrhagic events are less frequent. Changes in hemostatic biomarkers represented by increase in D-dimer and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products indicate the essence of coagulopathy is massive fibrin formation. Overall, the patients have an increase in venous and arterial thrombotic events especially in ICU patients. Routine thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin is recommended in all hospitalized patients to reduce the incidence of thrombosis. Though, the importance of thromboembolic impediments has not been extensively spotlighted, thus the rationale of this article is to provide recent information about this severe difficulty. In this article the mechanism of coagulopathy, associated problems and possible therapeutics has been reviewed.

To date, no accepted therapy exists for treating the emerging infectious disease nCOVID-19 in a safe and effective way. Although various types of treatment options are under the developing phase around the world, among those, several studies concerning convalescent plasma (CP) from recovered patients reported promising effects against nCOVID-19 infected critically ill patients nowadays. The therapy showed very few adverse effects, and it helps to diminish the viral load when administered at an early stage of infection. Convalescent plasma appears to be safe for critically ill nCOVID-19 patients by decreasing serum viral loads, and most cases are virus negative after CP transfusion. The convalescent plasma can be good as it has already been utilized to treat previous pandemics like Ebola, influenza, and SARS-CoV infection. In this review article, we pointed out the background, rationality, mechanisms, and safety outcomes of CP to treat nCOVID-19 infected patients.