Background: Depression has been associated with metabolic alterations, which adversely impact cardiometabolic health. Here, a comprehensive set of metabolic markers, predominantly lipids, was compared between depressed and non-depressed persons. Methods: Nine Dutch cohorts were included, comprising 10,145 controls and 5,283 persons with depression, established with diagnostic interviews or questionnaires. A proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics platform provided 230 metabolite measures: 51 lipids, fatty acids and lowmolecular-weight metabolites, 98 lipid composition and particle concentration measures of lipoprotein subclasses and 81 lipid and fatty acids ratios. For each metabolite measure logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex, age, smoking, fasting status and lipid-modifying medication were performed within cohort, followed by random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Twenty-one of the 51 lipids, fatty acids and low-molecular-weight metabolites were significantly related to depression (false discovery rate q<0.05). Higher levels of apolipoprotein B, Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, diglycerides, total and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid chain length, glycoprotein acetyls, tyrosine, and isoleucine, and lower levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, acetate, and apolipoprotein A1 were associated with increased odds of depression. Analyses of lipid composition indicators confirmed a shift towards less HDL and more VLDL and triglycerides particles in depression. Associations appeared generally consistent across sex, age and body mass index strata, and across cohorts with depressive diagnoses vs. symptoms. Conclusions: This large-scale meta-analysis indicates a clear distinctive profile of circulating lipid metabolites associated with depression, potentially opening new prevention or treatment avenues for depression and its associated cardiometabolic comorbidity. and 184033111. We would like to acknowledge the BBMRI-NL metabolomics consortium (Supplement 16). Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA): The infrastructure for the NESDA study www.nesda.nl is funded through the Geestkracht program of the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw, grant number 10-000-1002) and financial contributions by participating universities and mental health care organizations (

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Background Little is known about the contribution of genetic variation to food timing, and breakfast has been determined to exhibit the most heritable meal timing. As breakfast timing and skipping are not routinely measured in large cohort studies, alternative approaches include analyses of correlated traits. Objectives The aim of this study was to elucidate breakfast skipping genetic variants through a proxy-phenotype genome-wide association study (GWAS) for breakfast cereal skipping, a commonly assessed correlated trait. Methods We leveraged the statistical power of the UK Biobank (n = 193,860) to identify genetic variants related to breakfast cereal skipping as a proxy-phenotype for breakfast skipping and applied several in silico approaches to investigate mechanistic functions and links to traits/diseases. Next, we attempted validation of our approach in smaller breakfast skipping GWAS from the TwinUK (n = 2,006) and the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium (n = 11,963). Results In the UK Biobank, we identified 6 independent GWAS variants, including those implicated for caffeine (ARID3B/CYP1A1), carbohydrate metabolism (FGF21), schizophrenia (ZNF804A), and encoding enzymes important for N6-methyladenosine RNA transmethylation (METTL4, YWHAB, and YTHDF3), which regulates the pace of the circadian clock. Expression of identified genes was enriched in the cerebellum. Genome-wide correlation analyses indicated positive correlations with anthropometric traits. Through Mendelian randomization (MR), we observed causal links between genetically determined breakfast skipping and higher body mass index, more depressive symptoms, and smoking. In bidirectional MR, we demonstrated a causal link between being an evening person and skipping breakfast, but not vice versa. We observed association of our signals in an independent breakfast skipping GWAS in another British cohort (P = 0.032), TwinUK, but not in a meta-analysis of non-British cohorts from the CHARGE consortium (P = 0.095). Conclusions Our proxy-phenotype GWAS identified 6 genetic variants for breakfast skipping, linking clock regulation with food timing and suggesting a possible beneficial role of regular breakfast intake as part of a healthy lifestyle.

Background A recent hypothesis postulates the existence of an ‘immune-metabolic depression’ (IMD) dimension characterized by metabolic dysregulations. Combining data on metabolomics and depressive symptoms, we aimed to identify depressions associated with an increased risk of adverse metabolic alterations. Method Clustering data were from 1094 individuals with major depressive disorder in the last 6 months and measures of 149 metabolites from a 1H-NMR platform and 30 depressive symptoms (IDS-SR30). Canonical correlation analyses (CCA) were used to identify main independent metabolite-symptom axes of variance. Then, for the replication, we examined the association of the identified dimensions with metabolites from the same platform and cardiometabolic diseases in an independent population-based cohort (n = 6572). Results CCA identified an overall depression dimension and a dimension resembling IMD, in which symptoms such as sleeping too much, increased appetite, and low energy level had higher relative loading. In the independent sample, the overall depression dimension was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk, such as (i.e. per s.d.) HOMA-1B −0.06 (95% CI −0.09 – −0.04), and visceral adipose tissue −0.10 cm2 (95% CI −0.14 – −0.07). In contrast, the IMD dimension was associated with well-known cardiometabolic diseases such as higher visceral adipose tissue 0.08 cm2 (95% CI 0.04–0.12), HOMA-1B 0.06 (95% CI 0.04–0.09), and lower HDL-cholesterol levels −0.03 mmol/L (95% CI −0.05 – −0.01). Conclusions Combining metabolomics and clinical symptoms we identified a replicable depression dimension associated with adverse metabolic alterations, in line with the IMD hypothesis. Patients with IMD may be at higher cardiometabolic risk and may benefit from specific treatment targeting underlying metabolic dysregulations.

Aim of the work: in this review, we tried to show all details about dental implant, its components, types in the market, usage, case selection and diagnosis, indications and contraindications. Patients and method: Pubmed, Google Scholar have been used to search for papers that addressed dental implantology, preoperative diagnosis of the cases and both of their medical and dental history were considered during searching. Results: it was obvious that dental implant has been the first choice by patients for replacing their missed teeth because of their numerous advantages specially in preserving the adjacent teeth and esthetics, but it may be more expensive than fixed bridges or removable prosthodontics. Conclusion: dental implant is a root-like structure made of titanium. It is composed of three main parts (fixture, abutment, crown). Case selection is the main point for implant success, so, before implant surgical procedure, the dentist asks the patient for full mouth x-ray, medical history and dental history.