Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is of vital significance to tackle the antibiotic resistance. Insights of physicians is important for implementation of AMS. Therefore, present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding antibiotic stewardship among professional physicians in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among professional physicians between January 2020 to April 2020 in clusters of Saudi hospitals. The self-administered and closed ended questionnaire encompassed of informed consent, demographics information and questionnaire which included 7 items for knowledge, 10 for attitude and 8 for practices. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test was performed to assess the relationship of knowledge, attitude and practices with gender and medical specialty of the study participants along with descriptive statistics. A p value below (p<0.05) was considered significant for all the statistical purposes. A total of 413 medical practitioners participated in this study. Most of the participants were male 280 (67.8%), aged 31-40 years 163(39.4%). The term antimicrobial stewardship was known to 55.9% of participants and 65% of participants knew the difference between and bactericidal antimicrobial agents (). 71.9% participants opined that can be prevented by using specific . 89% of participants do not prescribe on demand of patients. Health professionals should be adequately trained regarding usage of and their consequences to curb the menace of quickly developing AMA resistance.

The practice of CAM use is influenced by , cultural and religious factor; it becomes essential to explore the prevalence and perception on a regular basis. Therefore, aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge and attitude of consumers towards Alternative Complementary Medicine in Riyadh city. A questionnaire based survey was carried out in Riyadh city from Dec. 2019 to April 2020 on the residents above 18 years. Details of type of CAM practiced and its source of information and questions on the perceptions of participants regarding use of CAM like Is it safe to use alternative medicine, Less expensive/ more effective than modern medicine were asked. The responses of perceptions were on 3 point scale-Agreed, neutral and disagreed. Chi-square test was applied to find association different types of and perceptions with demographic variables. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of (n=381) subjects responded to the questionnaire. Most of the study subjects reported social media (51%) as the main source of information for the and used herbal medicine (72.70%). Females and participants between 51-60 years showed significantly higher use of (p<0.05). Almost 40.70% and 54.4% of the study participants agreed that the is safe and less expensive than modern medicine, respectively. Researches in the area of CAM by focusing each practice separately should be encouraged so that sufficient evidence exists to use or refute any CAM practice and physicians must advise patients to consult the respective experts and work in an integrated approach for the well-fare of the patients and the society.