Mid-Tertiary volcanism in the Western Desert Egypt was associated with the opening of the Red Sea, a period of 30 Ma. Basalts are composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine minerals. Basalt used as natural volcanic pozzolans materials; represent large interest of researches as a real alternative to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The present work was performed on six samples of experimental cement clinker, one with ordinary raw materials (limestone & shale) as a reference sample, and five others with various substance (limestone & basalts), which show the possibility of the utilization of natural pozzolan for maintainable construction material. The chemical, mineralogical composition and texture produced clinkers were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). It is concluded that the produced clinkers which made from basalt are coincidence ordinary Portland cement clinker. They are characterized by increasing in setting time, compressive strength and resistance to sulfate attack.

The area between wadi Dungash-wadi Shait in the South Eastern Desert of Egypt comprises ophiolitic nappes structurally overthrust on island arc-related metasedimentary-metavolcanic rocks, which are traversed by several granitoids, gabbroic and basaltic rocks. This paper focuses on uncovering laterite zones utilizing field geological, mineralogical and geochemical attributes of the investigation region. Laterites are distributed at the border between Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic rocks. The laterite deposits are developed after the emplacement of Natash flows as a result of lateritization process in tropical regions, during the Late Cretaceous. The laterite sections comprise a sequence from the top to the base, oxide laterite, plasmic laterite, saprolith and bedrock. The laterite sections consist of hematite and goethite together with small quantity of gibbsite. Geochemically, the laterite profiles are marked by an increase in Fe content and decrease in Si from the top to the bottom. Fe 2 O 3 is the most abundant with 30.09-54.67 wt.%, Al 2 O 3 vary from 18.01 to 32.78 wt.%, and SiO 2 vary from 15.05 to 19.43 wt.%.Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer images are utilised to characterize a primer laterite zone. The band ratio 4/5 is found to be efficient in defining the laterite soil in the studied area.

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Younger granite bodies form two arches, the western and the eastern (WA, EA), which extend from the south northwards from the Meatique, ophiolitic group-island arc rocks, to the large older granite outcrop to the north. This paper concerns the feasibility of exploration in the El-Erediya-Ria El-Garah-El-Gidami-El-Missikat Y Gr regions. Fieldwork and remote sensing, together with geochemical, petrochemical, and mineralogical studies, are used to show the controlling factors, routes, and the origins of the deposits. Remote sensing is used to delineate the different rock units. Normal and strike–slip NW, NNE faults, veins, fractured ENE shear zones, and alteration zones of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids are discussed. Granites are considered using petrochemical diagrams as resources. These rocks are categorized as syeno- and alkali feldspar granites. Geochemical binary relationships recognized the granites are highly fractionated calc-alkaline-altered Monzo-, syeno-, and alkali feldspar granites formed in the active continental margin. The observed positive Ga vs. Cu, Zn, and Ni correlations are used for epithermal-magmatic-hydrothermal polymetallic veins and mineralized greisen zones. Negative Cu vs. Mo correlation patterns show probable Mo-porphyry deposits in the deeper zones at the contact point between porphyritic perthite and perthite granitic El-Erediya mass. The Zr/Sr between 1.65 to 2.93 plus fluorites in El-Missikat and up to 5.48 plus fluorites in El-Erediya show both U-poor at El-Missikat and U-rich deposits at El-Erediya. The recorded U, Th, Cu, and Pb vertical zoning sequence of deposition differentiates U aureole and deposit zones. The estimated lateral zoning sequences of deposition of these elements define the centers of U deposits. Pathfinders for the deposit of the examined area include the positive Fe2O3 vs. Mg O and Fe2O3 vs. Ca O correlations, and also negative Rb/Sr vs. K/Na and Rb vs. Sr ones, can be applied to future prospecting for similar U-F-Au-W-Mo deposits in the Eastern Desert of Egypt.

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