BackgroundThe endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) prompted the systematic immunization of newborns in Cameroon since 2005. In the frame of a considerable burden of HIV/HBV co-infection (17.5%), monitoring HBV among children living with HIV (CLHIV) would guide toward HIV/HBV integrated paediatric care. We sought to ascertain the prevalence and determinants of HBV infection in the population of CLHIV and performance of commonly used rapid diagnosis tests (RDTs).MethodsCross-sectional study conducted from February through June 2017 in a subset of CLHIV ≤15 years old at the Essos Hospital Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon. HBV was tested by HBsAg ELISA sandwich in duplicates for each sample, and the mean optical density was calculated. The Determinants of HBV-prevalencewere evaluated, and p < 0.05 was the significance threshold. The performance of two HBV RDTs (Diaspot vs. HBV-5) was evaluated in comparison to ELISA (used as gold standard).ResultsOf the 83 CLHIV enrolled (54.2% female, mean age 8.7 [±3.8] years, 60% vaccinated against HBV, all breastfed), HBV-prevalence was 2.41% (2/83). HBV-positivity was significantly associated with unknown maternal HBV status (2.9% [2/69] vs. 0.0% [0/14], p = 0.0097) and vaginal delivery (2.4% [2/82] vs. 0.0% [0/1], p = 0.0018). Moreover, the most likely to be positive were aged 11 and 15 years, and had experienced neither anti-HBV vaccination nor anti-HBV serum administration, and both had not been treated with any antiseptic solution at birth. Regarding the performance of Diaspot vs. HBV-5 respectively, sensitivity was 100% (2/2) vs. 50% (1/2), while specificity was 100% (45/45) vs. 97.8% (44/45); positive and negative predictive values of Diaspot versus HBV-5 were respectively 100% (2/2) and 100% (45/45) versus 50% (1/2) and 97.8% (44/45).ConclusionHBV-infection in the population of CLHIV appears at a moderate prevalence, suggesting a decreased burden likely due to preventive measures including the wide vaccine coverage. Focusing on mothers with unknown HBV status and promoting safer delivery mode (caesarean section) for HBV-positive motherswould contribute toward pediatric HBV elimination. In context of limited resources, Diaspot test appears more reliable to rollout HBV-infection in the population of CLHIV. As findings are limited to a small sample size, studies on a wider population would be relevant.

Background:The withdrawal of stavudine from the first line Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and the introduction of tenofovir (TDF) since 2010 in sub-Saharan Africa had a direct repercussion on the initiation of many patients on this new molecule. Despite its therapeutic efficiency already proved, TDF seems to induce some side effects such as renal failures. So, it is important to study the variation of early renal marker and immunological response (CD4 cells) of patients on regimen with TDF in order to have an optimal therapeutic follow up.Methods: A historic-prospective and longitudinal survey was carried out from September 2011 to April 2012 at the Yaounde Central Hospital including adult participants in their first 6 months of ART in compliance with ethical standards. Dosage of serum creatinine estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and CD4 T-lymphocytes count were systematically performed at baseline and at endpoint. Besides, a urinary dipstick test was only done at endpoint. Data analysis were performed with EPI INFO 7.0 and the comparison of categorical variables were done by chi-square test. A p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Out of the 132 naïve and eligible patients to ART with TDF, 68.2% were females and the mean age of the study population was 41 years old. There was an abnormal increase of creatinine from 6.1% (D0) to 19.7% (M6) (p <0.01) with men being more affected (21.4%). Thirty six percent (36%) of patients presented proteinuria at M6 and the incidence of kidney impairment was 7.6%. A quick recovery of immune response was also observed moving from 4.8% at D0 to 25.6% at M6 (p <0.01). Conclusion:Even though ART with TDF improves the immune response, a strict monitoring of the creatinine is recommended. We also suggested the systematical dosage of serum creatinine and other markers of renal failure among patients on TDF regimens. whom 22.9 million were in sub-Saharan African (68%) [1]. With 2 million deaths, HIV/AIDS remains among the main cause of death in the world and the major reason of death in Africa [2]. With the "3 by 5" initiative and the ''Universal access to comprehensive Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), care and support'' launched in 2005 by the global fund to fight against AIDS, the morbidity and mortality