Objective: To investigate the clinical and angiographic characteristics of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) and its relation with the inflammatory marker, HsCRP.

This study was conducted to determine whether combination of aerobic and resistance interval training had superior effects than aerobic interval training alone on ejection fraction, cholesterol, and triglycerides in myocardial infarction patients, at Pakistan Railway General Hospital Rawalpindi from July to December 2016. Patients were randomly allocated in interventional (n=13) and control group (n=13) using toss and trial method. Aerobic interval training at 65%-85% of target heart rate was performed in three intervals in both groups; whereas, resistance training at 30-50% of one repetition maximum was added in experimental group. The outcomes were measured before and after six weeks. Ejection fraction was significantly (p=0.029) improved in interventional group 55 (10) as compared to control group 50 (5). Cholesterol levels also showed significant decrease (p=0.021) in control group. The study concluded that combined training has superior effect in improving ejection fraction; whereas, aerobic interval training alone is more effective than combine training in improving cholesterol.

Objectives: This study's goal is to learn how satisfied patients are with the dental department's services at a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: The study was carried out in Islamic international dental hospital, Islamabad in six months duration. Materials and methods: In a dental hospital, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample size was 153, the confidence level was 95%, and the margin of error was 5%. Through the use of convenience sampling, data were gathered. To gauge patients' impressions of their satisfaction with the hospital's availability, accessibility, and convenience of services as well as staff behaviour, a survey was undertaken. Results: The results gathered indicated that the patients were satisfied with the dentistry department's services. Participants expressed high levels of satisfaction with the hospital's cleanliness, doctor's demeanour, and appointment scheduling. It was noted that several aspects, such as waiting times, were their top priorities. Conclusion: This survey demonstrates how satisfied patients are with the periodontology department at Islamic International Dental College & Hospital in terms of accessibility, availability, and convenience. A few procedures for shortening wait times and scheduling appointments still require improvement. Keywords: patient satisfaction, dental hospital, services.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a significant precursor of CAD. Patients hospitalised for suspected myocardial infarction had type 2 diabetes at higher rates than the general population, increasing the likelihood of cardiovascular complications. Hospitalized individuals with CAD have a worse prognosis if they also have diabetes mellitus. Objective: With this study, we want to quantify the prevalence of unrecognised diabetes mellitus among Acute Coronary Syndrome patients at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. Study design: Cross sectional study Setting: Department of Cardiology, Bahria Town Hospital, Lahore Duration: Six months (09-2018 to 03-2019) Data collection procedure: One hundred forty patients who fulfilled the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Using a standardised questionnaire, we were able to collect information such as age, gender, and type of ACS (STEMI, Non-STEMI, or unstable angina). Diabetes was diagnosed by measuring fasting blood sugar and haemoglobin A1c in a serum sample of 3 cc. It was noted that untreated diabetes mellitus was present. Results: There were 110(78.6%) males and 30(21.4%) females in our study. The mean age of patients was 57.08±12.72 years. The mean height was 171.95±14.37 cm, mean weight was 80.70±11.23 kg and mean BMI was 26.89±3.64. There were 63(45%) patients with family history of diabetes. There were 60(42.9%) patients with Non-STEMI, 52(37.1%) with STEMI and 28(20%) with unstable angina. The mean HbA1c of the patients was 6.11±0.86. There were 10(7.1%) patients with undiagnosed Diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: 7 percent of ACS patients have diabetes mellitus that has not been diagnosed. Keywords: Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus, Acute Coronary Syndrome, type 2 diabetes, family history, STEMI,

Background: During COVID-19 medical education system in our ever-burgeoning societies thus saw a paradigm shift from in-person interactions to a virtual ones. In Pakistan, HEC also preferred online open-book exams (OBE) to closed-book exams (CBE) as an assessment strategy; issued guidelines accordingly. The absorption of this new assessment strategy proved daunting for undergraduate (UG) medical students. Careful understanding of their experiences proffers a seamless integration of online OBE in online assessment as a whole. Methods: The Qualitative exploratory design has been utilized. The sampling technique includes purposeful sampling with maximum variation in sampling type. The sample size was eighteen students for three FGDs (six students in each group). Online FGDs were conducted and thematic analysis was done with verbatim transcription of data. Result: Eight themes have been extracted from the data. The themes include understanding of students with online OBE, practice and training for online OBE, preparation for students for OBE, attempting online OBE, the spectrum of emotions, educational impact and benefits of online OBE, difficulties encountered during online OBE, and anticipated future of OBE in medical education. Conclusion: Experiences of UG medical students in online OBE indicate its potential in future applications, such as formative assessment, teaching strategy, complementing conventional exams, and assessing real-life workplace situations. Relevant findings have enabled the furnishing of one model for the effective utilization of online OBE for institutions and students. Keywords: Online Open-book exams, synchronous, undergraduate medical education, application of knowledge, problem-solving skill.