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Over the past three decades, biodiesel has experienced remarkable development. This fuel, obtained from vegetable oils or animal fat, has the advantage of being renewable, less polluting, and reduces the energy dependence of oil-importing countries.In this article, we are interested in the production of a biofuel based on non-food used frying oil. The physico-chemical characteristics for Oleor vegetable oil are found to comply with established standards. After subjecting the oil to repeated frying using potatoes, followed by a physico-chemical evaluation, the results obtained showed the thermo-oxidative alteration of this oil, confirmed by the evolution of the physico-chemical indices. chemicals during frying. At the end, this used oil is recovered as fuel (biodiesel). The production of biodiesel is obtained by the transesterification reaction, with a conversion rate of 85%. The physico-chemical properties determined are very interesting and close to those of commercial diesel

The use of natural, eco-friendly coagulant-flocculants in wastewater treatment can help to reduce suspended particles in a way that includes less exhaustible materials with minimal adverse effects on the environment. Hence, this study is to investigate raw diatomaceous earth (diatomite) as a sustainable ecological coagulant to reduce colloids and suspended matter in wastewater and optimize the coagulation process parameters to improve efficiency, save energy consumption, and reduce costs in the urban sewage treatment plants. The Box-Behnken response surface design was applied to model the individual and combined interactions between four variable factors (initial pH, coagulant dose, coagulation speed, and coagulation time) and their effect on turbidity removal efficiency and final pH of water. Results showed that diatomite has excellent efficiency in reducing the turbidity of wastewater; Elimination reached a maximum of 85.74%. The optimal operating conditions for reducing energy consumption and cost of the operation while improving turbidity removal effectiveness and achieving a neutral final pH to avoid a post-adjustment are an initial pH of 7, a dose of diatomite of 0.5 g/L of effluent, and a coagulation speed of 100 rpm for 3 min. It results in 72.6% turbidity removal and a pH of 7.27. diatomaceous earth shows very usefully for reducing the turbidity of the sewage in the urban wastewater treatment plant.

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Medicinal plants are well known to natives and healers of the Adrar province located in the south of Algeria. These plants are used for medical purposes seasoning, cooking, and also by the researchers studying biology, chemistry, and pharmacology for discovering new molecules of medicaments applying in the treatment of diseases. This study aims to gather information related to utilizing therapeutic plants for health needs from the local populace. This research allowed us to identify fifty species used by the local population. The most common among these are the Asteraceae and Lameleacea and the highest use values were recorded for the species Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Ocimum basilicum, while the highest Fic was observed for the respiratory diseases. It also allowed us to familiarise ourselves with the methods and practices and the therapeutic uses of medicinal plants in the region. It was noted that the most used parts were the leaves, followed by the flowers. Furthermore, the most common method was found to be an infusion, followed by a decoction. This study confirmed that the Adrar region has several plants that are medicinal purposes and are used for the treatment of many diseases.