Neuroscience is evolving rapidly, and converging with engineering, artificial intelligence (AI), nanotechnology, and quantum computing [1]. Technological innovation is taking neuroscience beyond the treatment of and recovery from human defects and cognitive decline [2,3]. Interdisciplinary research must, therefore, address ethical and legal issues. Existing ethical norms, including bioethics and AI ethics [4], must expand to manage problems that require new perspectives. These technological innovations require us to integrate neuroscience and ethical research [5]. If neuroscience technology enhances the brain, it will lead to important legal and ethical issues, requiring governance to achieve appropriate outcomes and address ethical concerns. This complex and challenging process must flexibly respond to society by using social institutions [6]. South Korea enacted the Brain Research Promotion Act (BRPA) in 1998, recognizing the importance of neuroscience. The BRPA has since been revised to reflect technological and tangible changes as and when required for the issues such as the definition and classification of neuroscience,

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