As of now, very few research studies have examined the effects of financial constraints on the short- and long-term performances of companies after their announcement of convertible bonds. Due to asymmetric information, previous studies consider issuance of convertible bonds as negative news. As a result, the short- and long-term performances of companies generally decline after their convertible bond announcement. This study argues that when companies have investment plans, they are expected to have higher future cash flows. They will become increasingly more valuable regardless of the fact that they raise funds through the issue of convertible bonds (due to financial constraints), positively affecting the performance of companies. The results indicate that financial constraints have no effect on short-term performance, but did have a significantly positive impact on the long-term performance of companies after their issuance of convertible bonds.

Duality theory is utilized to develop a translog profit function (TPF) which includes one output (hog), three variable inputs (labour, fodder, and piglet), four fixed inputs (capital, farm size, location, and pollution cost). Based on the trade theory for small country, the factors of corn and soybean imports are introduced into the TPF model to examine the effects of pollution cost internalization on Taiwan's hog supply, input demand, and cereal imports, respectively. Through the analysis of output supply and input demand elasticities, the empirical results show that hog supply decreases 1.60%. The demands for labour, fodder, and piglets decrease 4.18%, 1.44%, and 1.3Percnt;, respectively. The decrease in fodder demanded leads the importation of corn and soybean to decrease 1.58% and 1.43%, respectively.