A new species of the subterranean millipede genus Antrokoreana Verhoeff, 1938, A. asuwaensis sp. nov., from the Nanatsuoguchi Mine in central Honshu, Japan, is described based on both sexes. The new species is clearly distinguished from all congeners by the distally expanded coxal process of its anterior gonopods. Characteristics of the antennomere VII, mandibular pectinate lamellae, and flagella of anterior gonopods provide insight into the diagnostic features of Antrokoreana. Nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA as well as mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S ribosomal RNA sequences of the new species are provided, and its phylogenetic position is preliminary estimated based on the 28S and 16S rRNA sequences. The obtained phylogenies show non-monophyly of the three genera of Nemasomatidae suggesting the possibility that Antrokoreana forms a clade that is distinct from that of the other nemasomatid genera.

The taxonomic status of millipedes of the genus Spirobolus Brandt, 1833, referred to as "Yaeyama-maruyasude" from the Yaeyama Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, was unresolved. We assess the taxonomic status of these Yaeyama Spirobolus sp. using an integrated morphological and molecular approach, and describe them as a new species, S. akamma sp. nov., for which partial sequences of the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and 16S ribosomal RNA markers are provided. This new species differs from continental China and Taiwan endemic congeners in anterior gonopod morphology (in having an elongate and subtriangular coxa, and a pentagonal mesal sternal process), posterior gonopod morphology (in having a coronoid prefemoral endite with rounded distal end, and an elongate telopodite), and in having four serrations on the cyphopod lateral flange.

A subterranean millipede species, Antrokoreana gujoensis Masuda, 2010, is redescribed based on specimens newly collected around its type locality, in the limestone area of Mino Terrane on Honshu Island, Japan. Males of A. gujoensis were originally described as having no penes, but nonetheless, the examined specimens clearly demonstrate that this species possesses the penes behind leg-pair 2. An emended diagnosis of this species and a key to all eight currently recognized species of Antrokoreana is provided.