Problems with local ambiguities in handwritten mathematical expressions (MEs) are often resolved at global level. Therefore, keeping local ambiguities is desirable for high accuracy, with a hope that they may be resolved by later global analyses. We propose a layered search framework for handwritten ME recognition. From given handwritten input strokes, ME structures are expanded by adding symbol hypotheses one by one, representing ambiguities of symbol identities and spatial relationships as numbers of branches in the expansion. We also propose a novel heuristic predicting how likely the set of remaining input strokes forms valid spatial relationships with the current partially interpreted structure. Further complexity reduction is achieved by delaying the symbol identity decision. The elegance of our approach is that the search result would be unchanged even if we prune out unpromising branches of the search. Therefore, we can examine a much larger number of local hypotheses with a limited amount of computing resource in making global level decisions. The experimental evaluation shows promising results of the efficiency of the proposed approach and the performance of our system, which results from the system's capacity to examine a large number of possibilities.

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Figure 1: Sample application scenarios with Ambient Surface. (a) Home expansion: interacting with multiple home screen pages at once on the surface. (b) Street view mapping: showing a 3D street view for the position and orientation of the smartphone with respect to the expanded map. (c) Dynamic advertisement: making a static book advertisement into a dynamic one. (d) Wish-list: putting desired items shown in a paper magazine into the wish list on the smartphone placed on the magazine. ABSTRACTWe introduce Ambient Surface, an interactive surrounded equipment for enhancing interface capabilities of mobile devices placed on an ordinary surface. Object information and a user's interaction are captured by 2D/3D cameras, and appropriate feedback images are projected on the surface. By the help of the ambient system, we may not only provide a wider screen for mobile devices with a limited screen size, but also allow analog objects to dynamically interact with users. We believe that this demo will help interaction designers to draw new inspiration of utilizing mobile objects with ambient environment.